Hang Wood
Condition (Natural England)
| Unit | Feature | Condition | Area (ha) | Assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ST861319 | — | Unfavourable Declining | 20.1 | 2021-06-11 |
Geology & landscape
Geological Period: Jurassic
Birds & fish recorded
Birds
| Species | Season |
|---|---|
| buzzard | Breeding |
| wood warbler | Breeding |
Description
Area, 20.3 ha. 50.2 ac. Description Hang Wood is a botanically rich woodland and is representative of the wet ash maple and acid pedunculate oak hazel ash woodland types. It lies on thick deposits of Kimmeridge Clay. Woodland covers the sides of a valley through which runs a small stream flowing to the south west. Moderate slopes run up from the valley bottom, levelling out to gentler slopes above. The woodland composition varies with topography. Standards of oak and ash dominate the streamside. The ground flora includes several species of sedge, with pendulous sedge Carex pendula particularly abundant. Ramsons Allium ursinum, water avens Geum rivale and opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium are also locally abundant. A small stand of wet ash wych elm occurs along the streamside. Above the stream on moderate slopes, the woodland is a mixture of maiden standards of oak and ash, with abundant formerly coppiced ash, field maple and hazel. The understorey is rich and includes guelder rose Viburnum opulus, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and apple Malus sylvestris. The ground flora is dominated by bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis and sweet woodruff Galium odoratum. Early purple orchid Orchis mascula is locally abundant, with typical woodland species such as primrose Primula vulgaris, wood sedge Carex sylvatica and yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon frequent. On gentler slopes on higher ground the structure of the wood becomes high forest with standards of oak and ash over a sparse shrub layer. Scattered old birch Betula pubescens occur, possibly dating from the last felling. The limited understorey consists mainly of scattered hazel and holly with honeysuckle frequent. Here the ground flora is dominated by greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea, creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, goosegrass Galium aparine and exceptionally large numbers of bluebell. sycamore and beech have been planted locally, with limited sycamore regeneration occurring. Hang Wood has one of the richest floras known from a Wiltshire wood lying on Jurassic clay. Of note is the occurrence of hard shield fern Polystichum aculeatum, thin spiked wood sedge Carex strigosa, violet helleborine Epipactis purpurata and broadleaved helleborine Epipactis helleborine. Ornithological interest is not well documented but the wood is possibly one of the few Wiltshire breeding sites for both buzzard and wood warbler. Mammalian inhabitants include roe deer, fox and badger. A diverse invertebrate fauna is likely to frequent the streamsides and areas of standing and fallen dead wood. These are important habitats for certain groups, such as diptera, although detailed recording has yet to be carried out.
Species mentioned
Show the 26 species mentioned in the description, with red-list statusInsects to look out for
These moths, butterflies and beetles are known to feed on plants recorded at this site, and carry a notable UK conservation status — but a host-plant being present doesn't mean the insect has actually been recorded here. Treat this as "worth watching for," not a confirmed sighting.
| Species | Status | Via host-plant |
|---|---|---|
| Figure of eight Diloba caeruleocephala |
Endangered | Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| The lappet Gastropacha quercifolia |
Endangered | Malus spp., Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| Duke of Burgundy Hamearis lucina |
Endangered | Primula vulgaris |
| Scarce vapourer Orgyia recens |
Endangered | Betula spp., Prunus spinosa |
| Black hairstreak Satyrium pruni |
Endangered | Prunus spinosa |
| The sprawler Asteroscopus sphinx |
Vulnerable | Betula spp., Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| Broom moth Ceramica pisi |
Vulnerable | Betula spp., Pteridium aquilinum |
| Mottled umber Erannis defoliaria |
Vulnerable | Betula spp., Prunus spinosa |
| Satyr pug Eupithecia satyrata |
Vulnerable | Galium spp. |
| Bedstraw hawk-moth Hyles gallii |
Vulnerable | Galium spp. |
| The lackey Malacosoma neustria |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| Pale brindled Phigalia pilosaria |
Vulnerable | Betula pubescens, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus spinosa |
| Brown hairstreak Thecla betulae |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa |
| Early moth Theria primaria |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa |
| Pale eggar Trichiura crataegi |
Vulnerable | Betula spp., Malus sylvestris, Prunus spinosa |
| Flounced chestnut Agrochola helvola |
Near Threatened | Betula spp. |
| Beaded chestnut Agrochola lychnidis |
Near Threatened | Stellaria spp. |
| Garden tiger Arctia caja |
Near Threatened | Prunus spinosa, Pteridium aquilinum |
| Kentish glory Endromis versicolora |
Near Threatened | Betula pubescens |
| Large thorn Ennomos autumnaria |
Near Threatened | Betula spp., Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| September thorn Ennomos erosaria |
Near Threatened | Betula spp. |
| Autumnal rustic Eugnorisma glareosa |
Near Threatened | Betula spp., Galium spp., Hyacinthoides non-scripta |
| Grey pug Eupithecia subfuscata |
Near Threatened | Prunus spinosa |
| Double dart Graphiphora augur |
Near Threatened | Betula spp., Prunus spinosa |
| Dark-barred twin-spot carpet Xanthorhoe ferrugata |
Near Threatened | Galium spp. |
| White prominent Leucodonta bicoloria |
Regionally Extinct | Betula spp. |
Host-plant data: Cook et al. (2025), Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology / Butterfly Conservation; and Padovani et al. (2020), Database of Insects and their Food Plants (DBIF), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (both Open Government Licence). Contains data supplied by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
Plant communities
W25 — Bracken scrub
Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub
Matches 7 species from the description above: Galium aparine, Holcus mollis, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Mercurialis perennis, Prunus spinosa, Pteridium aquilinum, Stellaria holostea
Show 53 indicator speciesHedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas
A14 — Fast flowing river and stream
Myriophyllum alterniflorum community
Show 15 indicator speciesIsolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina
A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream
Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community
Show 11 indicator speciesBerula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans
A18 — Fast flowing river and stream
Ranunculus fluitans community
Show 12 indicator speciesFontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea
A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream
Potamogeton natans community
Show 20 indicator speciesSchoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa