Newton-le-Willows Meadows

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.2986, -1.6703

Condition (Natural England)

Unfavourable Recovering (2)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SE211892 Unfavourable Recovering 4.31 2012-06-11
SE215892 Unfavourable Recovering 4.31 2012-06-11

Description

Description Newton le Willows Meadows are of special interest for their unimproved neutral grassland of a type that is both rare and threatened at the local and national levels. The nature conservation interest is maintained through hay meadow management without agricultural intensification. Intensive farming methods have become so prevalent that it is estimated that only 3.5 percent of such mesotrophic grassland in the Yorkshire Dales remains with moderately high botanical interest; though this still constitutes a nationally important concentration. In Richmondshire District outside the National Park the figure drops to less than 0.5 percent and Newton le Willows Meadows are one of the largest and most characteristic examples in this latter area. The main grassland community is of interest and comprises the 'crested dog's tail common knapweed' Cynosurus cristatus Centaurea nigra type. The site lies at an altitude of approximately 100 metres above sea level, the two western fields occupy a north facing slope, whilst the larger eastern field lies on essentially flat ground. The grassland community present is typical of traditionally managed hay meadows in the lowlands of England. The meadows support a diverse grassland flora. sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor, red clover Trifolium pratense and pignut Conopodium majus are all abundant, while bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus and meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris also occur frequently. The site also holds many species characteristic of traditionally managed hay meadows. Present throughout the site are bugle Ajuga reptans, common cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata, self heal Prunella vulgaris, bird's foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus and betony Betonica officinalis. Other species are restricted to only one or two of the three meadows. The largest field, although showing some evidence of partial agricultural improvement, contains meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis, hoary plantain Plantago media, lady's bedstraw Galium verum and salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba; while the fields to the west support lady's mantle Alchemilla sp. and occasional meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria and Meadow Cranesbill Geranium pratense. cowslip Primula veris, early purple orchid Orchis mascula and oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare also occur rarely on the site.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites
Latin name
search with Google
IUCN / Red List Type Family
sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum LC grass poaceae
crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus LC grass poaceae
bugle Ajuga reptans LC herb lamiaceae
betony Betonica officinalis VU herb lamiaceae
black knapweed Centaurea nigra LC herb asteraceae
pignut Conopodium majus LC herb apiaceae
meadow sweet Filipendula ulmaria LC herb rosaceae
lady's bedstraw Galium verum LC herb rubiaceae
meadow cranesbill Geranium pratense LC herb geraniaceae
cat's-ear Hypochaeris radicata LC herb asteraceae
meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis LC herb fabaceae
oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare LC herb asteraceae
birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus LC herb fabaceae
early purple orchid Orchis mascula LC herb orchidaceae
ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata LC herb plantaginaceae
hoary plantain Plantago media LC herb plantaginaceae
salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba VU herb rosaceae
cowslip Primula veris LC herb primulaceae
selfheal Prunella vulgaris LC herb lamiaceae
meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris DD herb ranunculaceae
bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus LC herb ranunculaceae
yellow-rattle Rhinanthus minor DD herb orobanchaceae
red clover Trifolium pratense LC herb fabaceae

Insects to look out for

These moths, butterflies and beetles are known to feed on plants recorded at this site, and carry a notable UK conservation status — but a host-plant being present doesn't mean the insect has actually been recorded here. Treat this as "worth watching for," not a confirmed sighting.

SpeciesStatusVia host-plant
Black-veined moth
Siona lineata
Critically Endangered Centaurea nigra, Lotus corniculatus
New forest
Zygaena viciae
Critically Endangered Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus
Straw belle
Aspitates gilvaria
Endangered Lotus corniculatus
Marsh moth
Athetis pallustris
Endangered Plantago lanceolata
Duke of Burgundy
Hamearis lucina
Endangered Primula veris
Wood white
Leptidea sinapis
Endangered Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus
Heath fritillary
Melitaea athalia
Endangered Plantago lanceolata
Glanville fritillary
Melitaea cinxia
Endangered Plantago lanceolata
Scarce vapourer
Orgyia recens
Endangered Filipendula ulmaria
Slender scotch
Zygaena loti
Endangered Lotus corniculatus
Mouse moth
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Vulnerable Lotus corniculatus, Poterium sanguisorba
Dingy skipper
Erynnis tages
Vulnerable Lotus corniculatus
Marsh fritillary
Euphydryas aurinia
Vulnerable Plantago spp.
Satyr pug
Eupithecia satyrata
Vulnerable Centaurea spp., Filipendula ulmaria, Galium spp., Rhinanthus minor
Garden dart
Euxoa nigricans
Vulnerable Plantago spp., Trifolium spp.
White-line dart
Euxoa tritici
Vulnerable Galium verum
Bedstraw hawk-moth
Hyles gallii
Vulnerable Galium spp.
Silver studded blue
Plebejus argus
Vulnerable Lotus corniculatus
Grizzled skipper
Pyrgus malvae
Vulnerable Poterium sanguisorba
Beaded chestnut
Agrochola lychnidis
Near Threatened Ranunculus spp., Trifolium spp.
Grey chi
Antitype chi
Near Threatened Plantago lanceolata
Garden tiger
Arctia caja
Near Threatened Plantago spp.
Latticed heath
Chiasmia clathrata
Near Threatened Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium spp.
Small heath
Coenonympha pamphilus
Near Threatened Cynosurus cristatus
Autumnal rustic
Eugnorisma glareosa
Near Threatened Galium spp., Plantago spp.
Grey pug
Eupithecia subfuscata
Near Threatened Betonica officinalis, Centaurea spp.
Scarce forester
Jordanita globulariae
Near Threatened Centaurea nigra
Dark-barred twin-spot carpet
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Near Threatened Galium spp.

Host-plant data: Cook et al. (2025), Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology / Butterfly Conservation; and Padovani et al. (2020), Database of Insects and their Food Plants (DBIF), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (both Open Government Licence). Contains data supplied by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.

Plant communities

MG9 — Brownfield, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Mesotrophic grassland

Holcus lanatus-Deschampsia cespitosa grassland

Matches 13 species from the description above: Anthoxanthum odoratum, Centaurea nigra, Conopodium majus, Cynosurus cristatus, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium verum, Lathyrus pratensis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago lanceolata, Primula veris, Ranunculus acris, Trifolium pratense

Carex hirta, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Cirsium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio aquaticus, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Hypericum perforatum, Mentha aquatica, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Rumex sanguineus, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Silaum silaus, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Hordeum secalinum, Lolium perenne, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis, Trisetum flavescens

MG7 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Mesotrophic grassland

Lolium perenne leys and related grasslands Lolium perenne-Alopecurus pratensis grassland

Matches 7 species from the description above: Anthoxanthum odoratum, Hypochaeris radicata, Lathyrus pratensis, Plantago lanceolata, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Trifolium pratense

Juncus inflexus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium glomeratum, Stellaria media agg., Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis