Foulshaw Moss
Also within
Condition (Natural England)
| Unit | Feature | Condition | Area (ha) | Assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD447831 | — | Unfavourable No Change | 5.84 | 2010-02-25 |
| SD448827 | — | Unfavourable Recovering | 5.77 | 2018-03-28 |
| SD448831 | — | Unfavourable Declining | 3.38 | 2010-02-25 |
| SD450824 | — | Unfavourable Recovering | 3.74 | 2018-03-28 |
| SD453817 | — | Unfavourable No Change | 6.76 | 2010-02-25 |
| SD453834 | — | Unfavourable Declining | 5.83 | 2018-03-28 |
| SD455835 | — | Unfavourable No Change | 3.44 | 2010-02-25 |
| SD458827 | — | Unfavourable Recovering | 306.98 | 2018-03-28 |
| SD459842 | — | Unfavourable No Change | 5.39 | 2010-02-25 |
Climate exposure
This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.
Peat habitats store centuries of carbon and depend on a stable, waterlogged water table. Warmer, drier summers dry out peat, making it far more vulnerable to wildfire and to carbon release — a pressure that can undo years of restoration work regardless of how well the site is otherwise managed.
Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.
Geology & landscape
Rock Type: Limestone
Landscape processes: Coastal, Peatland / Mire
Description
Description Foulshaw Moss is a large estuarine raised mire underlain by estuarine silts and clays situated at the head of the Kent estuary, at the lower end of the Lyth valley and immediately to the south of the limestone hill of Whitbarrow. It is the largest single peat body in South Cumbria the complex of mosses at Roudsea Wood and Mosses SSSI and Duddon Mosses SSSI are both collectively larger but comprise several separate bodies of peat. Such raised mire systems were formerly widespread around Morecambe Bay but have been reduced in extent both nationally and in Cumbria due to peat extraction, agricultural reclamation and afforestation. Foulshaw Moss once formed part of a more extensive system of mires, but along with the adjacent and much smaller Meathop Moss SSSI and Nichols Moss SSSI and some small fragments in the Lyth valley these are all that now remain. Peat cutting has occurred around the fringes of the site and small scale extraction continues to the present day. However, the majority of the site comprises the original uncut peat dome and this is unusual in Britain as a whole where most areas of bog have been completely cut over. In addition to this the surface of the bog supports vegetation that is capable of peat formation which is an important feature. Foulshaw Moss was planted with conifers in the 1950s and 1960s. However, despite extensive ditching, the wetness of the site and the method of tree planting has meant that tree growth has been generally poor and moisture retaining bog mosses and a characteristic bog flora have survived under the tree canopy over large parts of the moss. At the northern end of the site where tree growth is particularly unsuccessful and in areas where trees were not planted, typical plant communities associated with mires are present, although they show signs of the drier conditions associated with past management. The north eastern arm of the moss, either side of the entrance track, supports several of these open areas amongst self seeded birch, pine and rhododendron. The largest of these areas, to the west of the track, retains almost all the species that characterise the most typical plant community of raised bogs known as the cross leaved heath bog moss community Erica tetralix Sphagnum papillosum community, although the balance of the species has been modified by the drier peats of the moss. Ling Calluna vulgaris and bog myrtle Myrica galeform a shrubby canopy amongst abundant hare's tail cotton grass Eriophorum vaginatum, common cotton grass Eriophorum angustifolium and cross leaved heath. Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos is spread across the bog surface and bog rosemary Andromeda polifolia, a species which is restricted to raised mires, is also present. bog mosses are a characteristic component of this area with Sphagnum capillifolium being the most frequent amongst a range of species that includes S. papillosum, S. tenellum, S. recurvum and S. subnitens. Sphagnum magellanicum is present in lesser amounts and there is also some Sphagnum cuspidatum in damper areas. The leafy liverwort Ordontoschisma sphagni is very common, as is the lichen Cladonia impexa. Open bog to the east of the track shows a similar range of plants but the habitat is enhanced by the presence of wetter hollows over the surface of the bog. Within these Sphagnum cuspidatum is abundant and other characteristic species include common cotton grass, round leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia, cranberry, bog rosemary and Sphagnum subnitens. Within this area there are also notably larger amounts of Sphagnum magellanicum. Purple moor grass Molinia caerulea is an important component of the vegetation here and forms extensive stands, often with bog myrtle. Throughout this area there is a large amount of birch Betula pubescens with Scot's pine Pinus sylvestris and thick stands of rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum. Bog vegetation survives well under the lighter canopy of the birch and pine although purple moor grass is often abundant. However, little grows under the dense shade of the rhododendron. To the south of here is the main area of conifer plantation. Where conifer growth has been poor or in stands of birch where conifers have not been planted, further areas of open bog occur. The largest area has a typical surface with small conifers growing across it and supports a good range of bog plants. These include hare's tail cotton grass, cross leaved heath, bog myrtle and cranberry, with white beak sedge Rhynchospora alba, bog rosemary, deer sedge Trichophorum cespitosum and a range of sphagna such as Sphagnum papillosum, S. capillifolium and S. subnitens. Further south there is a large belt of birch scrub where purple moor grass is an important component but most of the species described are also present along with some bog asphodel Narthecium ossifragum. Bog vegetation is also present where conifers have been planted and the trees have managed to grow beyond sapling height. The main body of the bog is crossed by an extensive series of wide rides which are associated with drains. Within these rides the dominant vegetation is purple moor grass, often with bog myrtle and with variable amounts of sphagna such as S. capillifolium and S. palustre. This kind of vegetation also occurs in any areas that have been left unplanted as 'deer glades' within the forestry plantation. Within the stands of conifers the amount of remnant bog vegetation varies according to species, age and planting method of the trees. The areas that were planted earliest where ground disturbance was limited to the upturning of individual turves for each tree retain the most diverse vegetation. A typical area under pine has purple moor grass, cross leaved heath, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, cranberry, bog rosemary, narrow leaved buckler fern Dryopteris carthusiana, hare's tail cotton grass, bog myrtle and with sphagna such as S. palustre, S. capillifolium and, in ditches, Sphagnum cuspidatum, S. fimbriatum, S. palustre and S. recurvum. Where ground preparation involved shallow ploughing the tree growth was more successful and the bog vegetation is now less diverse. Purple moor grass is typically dominant under lighter stands but bare ground does occur undersome denser stands and this can be extensive, especially under western hemlock. Other plants associated with these areas include narrow leaved buckler fern and more occasionally other bog plants such as bilberry. However, there is often a good cover of sphagna, in particular along the damper shallow plough lines, which includes such species as Sphagnum palustre, S. capillifolium and S. recurvum. The edges of the mire are mainly distinct and bounded by drains which border adjacent agriculturally improved land. These tend to be the driest parts of the bog, a feature which is common to most other raised mires and the woodland, whether of conifers or stands of birch, invariably has a dry woodland field layer which is often of bracken Pteridium aquilinum, but can include wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella and broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata. In places, there is open ground and where this is not dominated by bracken a damp neutral grassland has developed which is typically dominated by false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius and Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus and contains soft rush Juncus effusus and tufted vetch Vicia cracca. Greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata is also present in these areas and it is likely that this species is a remnant of a former lagg community of wet marshy ground that surrounded the mire prior to the agricultural reclamation around the edges. This can also be seen where the mire borders Ulpha Fell where there is a transition from wooded bog to alder Alnus glutinosa woodland and then onto dry woodland of the adjacent slope which now comprises birch, oak Quercus sp. or conifers.
Species mentioned
Show the 33 species mentioned in the description, with red-list statusInsects to look out for
These moths, butterflies and beetles are known to feed on plants recorded at this site, and carry a notable UK conservation status — but a host-plant being present doesn't mean the insect has actually been recorded here. Treat this as "worth watching for," not a confirmed sighting.
| Species | Status | Via host-plant |
|---|---|---|
| Speckled footman Coscinia cribraria |
Critically Endangered | Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Chequered skipper Carterocephalus palaemon |
Endangered | Molinia caerulea |
| Shoulder-striped clover Heliothis maritima |
Endangered | Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Narthecium ossifragum |
| Wood white Leptidea sinapis |
Endangered | Vicia cracca |
| Scarce blackneck Lygephila craccae |
Endangered | Vicia cracca |
| Scarce vapourer Orgyia recens |
Endangered | Alnus glutinosa, Betula spp. |
| The sprawler Asteroscopus sphinx |
Vulnerable | Betula spp. |
| Broom moth Ceramica pisi |
Vulnerable | Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, Pinus spp., Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Large heath Coenonympha tullia |
Vulnerable | Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia caerulea, Rhynchospora alba |
| Beetle Cryptocephalus biguttatus |
Vulnerable | Erica tetralix |
| Mottled umber Erannis defoliaria |
Vulnerable | Betula spp., Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Satyr pug Eupithecia satyrata |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix |
| True lover's knot Lycophotia porphyrea |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris |
| Pale brindled Phigalia pilosaria |
Vulnerable | Alnus glutinosa, Betula pubescens |
| Silver studded blue Plebejus argus |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix |
| The anomalous Stilbia anomala |
Vulnerable | Molinia caerulea |
| Early moth Theria primaria |
Vulnerable | Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Pale eggar Trichiura crataegi |
Vulnerable | Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Flounced chestnut Agrochola helvola |
Near Threatened | Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Beaded chestnut Agrochola lychnidis |
Near Threatened | Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Garden tiger Arctia caja |
Near Threatened | Pinus sylvestris, Pteridium aquilinum |
| Latticed heath Chiasmia clathrata |
Near Threatened | Vicia cracca |
| Rosy marsh moth Coenophila subrosea |
Near Threatened | Andromeda polifolia, Eriophorum spp., Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Dingy mocha Cyclophora pendularia |
Near Threatened | Alnus glutinosa |
| Silver barred Deltote bankiana |
Near Threatened | Molinia caerulea |
| Pine-tree lappet Dendrolimus pini |
Near Threatened | Pinus sylvestris |
| Grey scalloped Dyscia fagaria |
Near Threatened | Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix |
| Kentish glory Endromis versicolora |
Near Threatened | Alnus glutinosa, Betula pubescens |
| Large thorn Ennomos autumnaria |
Near Threatened | Alnus glutinosa, Betula spp. |
| September thorn Ennomos erosaria |
Near Threatened | Betula spp. |
| The Silurian Eriopygodes imbecilla |
Near Threatened | Vaccinium myrtillus |
| Autumnal rustic Eugnorisma glareosa |
Near Threatened | Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris |
| Double dart Graphiphora augur |
Near Threatened | Betula spp. |
| Weaver's wave Idaea contiguaria |
Near Threatened | Calluna vulgaris |
| Wall Lasiommata megera |
Near Threatened | Holcus lanatus |
| Rosy minor Litoligia literosa |
Near Threatened | Arrhenatherum elatius |
| The blackneck Lygephila pastinum |
Near Threatened | Vicia cracca |
| Scotch burnet Zygaena exulans |
Near Threatened | Vaccinium myrtillus |
| White prominent Leucodonta bicoloria |
Regionally Extinct | Betula spp. |
Host-plant data: Cook et al. (2025), Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology / Butterfly Conservation; and Padovani et al. (2020), Database of Insects and their Food Plants (DBIF), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (both Open Government Licence). Contains data supplied by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
Plant communities
M18 — Blanket bog, Raised bog
Erica tetralix-Sphagnum papillosum raised and blanket mire
Matches 20 species from the description above: Andromeda polifolia, Calluna vulgaris, Cladonia impexa, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Trichophorum cespitosum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos
Show 54 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephalozia connivens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Narthecium ossifragum, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea
M17 — Blanket bog
Scirpus cespitosus-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire
Matches 18 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Cladonia impexa, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Trichophorum cespitosum, Vaccinium myrtillus
Show 78 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus setifolius, Campylopus shawii, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum imbricatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum strictum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta
M15 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Upland wet heath
Scirpus cespitosus-Erica tetralix wet heath
Matches 17 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Cladonia impexa, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Juncus effusus, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pteridium aquilinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Trichophorum cespitosum, Vaccinium myrtillus
Show 95 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Aneura pinguis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Succisa pratensis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Hypericum pulchrum, Triglochin palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza maculata, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Trientalis europaea, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum
M19 — Blanket bog, Raised bog
Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire
Matches 16 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Cladonia impexa, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Trichophorum cespitosum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos
Show 84 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Betula nana, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Vaccinium microcarpum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex nigra, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Cornus suecica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Neottia cordata, Potentilla erecta, Rubus chamaemorus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant
M2 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire
Sphagnum cuspidatum/recurvum bog pool community
Matches 16 species from the description above: Andromeda polifolia, Calluna vulgaris, Cladonia impexa, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Vaccinium oxycoccos
Show 37 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Carex canescens, Carex magellanica, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum tenellum, Cephalozia connivens, Cephalozia lunulifolia, Gymnocolea inflata, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea
M1 — Blanket bog, Raised bog
Sphagnum auriculatum bog pool community
Matches 13 species from the description above: Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Rhynchospora alba, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Trichophorum cespitosum
Show 30 indicator speciesErica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex limosa, Eriophorum angustifolium, Rhynchospora alba, Rhynchospora fusca, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis multicaulis, Juncus bulbosus, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Scheuchzeria palustris, Molinia caerulea
M25 — Blanket bog, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture, Upland acid grassland
Molinia caerulea-Potentilla erecta mire
Matches 13 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Dryopteris carthusiana, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Holcus lanatus, Juncus effusus, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Vaccinium oxycoccos
Show 85 indicator speciesSalix cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Angelica sylvestris, Carum verticillatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia urens, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza maculata, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Osmunda regalis
M24 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture
Molinia caerulea-Cirsium dissectum fen-meadow
Matches 11 species from the description above: Alnus glutinosa, Calluna vulgaris, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Holcus lanatus, Juncus effusus, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum, Sphagnum subnitens, Vicia cracca
Show 89 indicator speciesSalix cinerea, Salix repens, Alnus glutinosa, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum subnitens, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium dissectum, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Leontodon saxatilis, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Vicia cracca, Hypericum tetrapterum, Hypericum undulatum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Linum catharticum, Lythrum salicaria, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza maculata, Epipactis palustris, Gymnadenia conopsea, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago lanceolata, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Anagallis tenella, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Galium verum, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis
M20 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire
Eriophorum vaginatum blanket and raised mire
Matches 8 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Cladonia impexa, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum papillosum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Vaccinium myrtillus
Show 43 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella hampeana, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia taylorii, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina
M3 — Blanket bog, Raised bog
Eriophorum angustifolium bog pool community
Matches 8 species from the description above: Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Molinia caerulea, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum papillosum
Show 15 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Campylopus brevipilus, Drepanocladus fluitans, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum papillosum, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera rotundifolia, Agrostis canina, Molinia caerulea
W20 — Montane scrub
Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub
Matches 7 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Dryopteris dilatata, Oxalis acetosella, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum subnitens, Vaccinium myrtillus
Show 107 indicator speciesSalix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis
M22 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture
Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow
Matches 6 species from the description above: Arrhenatherum elatius, Eriophorum angustifolium, Holcus lanatus, Juncus effusus, Molinia caerulea, Vicia cracca
Show 115 indicator speciesSalix cinerea, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex disticha, Carex elata, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex rostrata, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula multiflora, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Oenanthe lachenalii, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium dissectum, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria palustris, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Hypericum tetrapterum, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin palustre, Ajuga reptans, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Epipactis palustris, Pedicularis palustris, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla reptans, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scrophularia auriculata, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Briza media, Calamagrostis canescens, Cynosurus cristatus, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Thelypteris palustris
M23 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Purple moor grass and rush pasture, Upland rush pasture
Juncus effusus/acutiflorus-Galium palustre rush-pasture
Matches 4 species from the description above: Holcus lanatus, Juncus effusus, Molinia caerulea, Narthecium ossifragum
Show 81 indicator speciesCarex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Brachythecium rivulare, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Calypogeia fissa, Lophocolea bidentata, Pellia epiphylla, Angelica sylvestris, Carum verticillatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Senecio aquaticus, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis secunda, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria graminea, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium repens, Iris pseudacorus, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Lythrum salicaria, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium obscurum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza maculata, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica scutellata, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris expansa, Athyrium filix-femina
W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub
Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub
Matches 4 species from the description above: Arrhenatherum elatius, Holcus lanatus, Juncus effusus, Pteridium aquilinum
Show 81 indicator speciesHedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas
W25 — Bracken scrub
Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub
Matches 4 species from the description above: Arrhenatherum elatius, Dryopteris dilatata, Holcus lanatus, Pteridium aquilinum
Show 53 indicator speciesHedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas
W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub
Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub
Matches 3 species from the description above: Holcus lanatus, Oxalis acetosella, Pteridium aquilinum
Show 49 indicator speciesHedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas
M26 — Limestone pavement, Purple moor grass and rush pasture
Molinia caerulea-Crepis paludosa mire
Matches 2 species from the description above: Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea
Show 63 indicator speciesCarex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Aulacomnium palustre, Plagiomnium undulatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium elodes, Climacium dendroides, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Leontodon hispidus, Serratula tinctoria, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium repens, Menyanthes trifoliata, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus auricomus, Trollius europaeus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis