Coombe Valley Woods

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 51.6350, -2.7823

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Gwent County

Geology & landscape

Geological Period: Carboniferous · Rock Type: Carboniferous Limestone, Limestone

Description

Description This complex of woods lies in a narrow steep-sided valley of the Cas Troggy brook on strongly calcareous soils overlying dolomotized Carboniferous Limestone. The ancient semi-natural high forest and old coppice-with-standards contain important examples of calcareous woodland types with a diversity of canopy trees including beech Fagus sylvatica, small-leaved lime Tilia cordata, oak Quercus robur, ash Fraxinus excelsior, field maple Acer campestre and wych elm Ulmus glabra. The many subordinate tree and shrub species include whitebeams Sorbus spp and extensive areas of yew Taxus baccata and hazel Corylus avellana. The rich ground flora has a number of rare and local species including lily of the valley Convallaria majalis, fetid hellebore Helleborus foetidus and birds nest orchid Neottia nidus-avis.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
lilly of the valley Convallaria majalis LC herb liliaceae
foetid hellebore Helleborus foetidus LC herb ranunculaceae
birdsnest orchid Neottia nidus-avis VU herb orchidaceae
field maple Acer campestre LC tree aceraceae
hazel Corylus avellana LC tree corylaceae
beech Fagus sylvatica LC tree fabiaceae
ash Fraxinus excelsior LC tree oleaceae
common oak Quercus robur LC tree fagaceae
yew Taxus baccata LC tree taxaceae
lime small leaved Tilia cordata LC tree malvaceae
wych elm Ulmus glabra LC tree ulmaceae

Insects to look out for

These moths, butterflies and beetles are known to feed on plants recorded at this site, and carry a notable UK conservation status — but a host-plant being present doesn't mean the insect has actually been recorded here. Treat this as "worth watching for," not a confirmed sighting.

SpeciesStatusVia host-plant
Oak lutestring
Cymatophorina diluta
Endangered Quercus robur
Maple pug
Eupithecia inturbata
Endangered Acer campestre
Scarce vapourer
Orgyia recens
Endangered Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
White-letter hairstreak
Satyrium w-album
Endangered Ulmus glabra, Ulmus spp.
The sprawler
Asteroscopus sphinx
Vulnerable Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp.
Broom moth
Ceramica pisi
Vulnerable Ulmus spp.
Mottled umber
Erannis defoliaria
Vulnerable Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
The lackey
Malacosoma neustria
Vulnerable Corylus avellana, Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
Pale brindled
Phigalia pilosaria
Vulnerable Corylus avellana, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus spp., Tilia spp., Ulmus glabra
Early moth
Theria primaria
Vulnerable Quercus spp.
Pale eggar
Trichiura crataegi
Vulnerable Corylus avellana, Quercus spp.
Oak hook-tip
Watsonalla binaria
Vulnerable Quercus robur
Flounced chestnut
Agrochola helvola
Near Threatened Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
Light crimson underwing
Catocala promissa
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Dark crimson underwing
Catocala sponsa
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Dusky-lemon sallow
Cirrhia gilvago
Near Threatened Ulmus glabra
The sallow
Cirrhia icteritia
Near Threatened Ulmus glabra
Heart moth
Dicycla oo
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Large thorn
Ennomos autumnaria
Near Threatened Corylus avellana, Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
September thorn
Ennomos erosaria
Near Threatened Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Tilia spp.
Dusky thorn
Ennomos fuscantaria
Near Threatened Fraxinus excelsior
Double dart
Graphiphora augur
Near Threatened Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
Clay fan-foot
Paracolax tristalis
Near Threatened Quercus spp.
Common fan-foot
Pechipogo strigilata
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Frosted green
Polyploca ridens
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Scarce hook-tip
Sabra harpagula
Near Threatened Tilia cordata

Host-plant data: Cook et al. (2025), Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology / Butterfly Conservation; and Padovani et al. (2020), Database of Insects and their Food Plants (DBIF), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (both Open Government Licence). Contains data supplied by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.