Glanllynnau a Glannau Pen-ychain i Gricieth

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 52.9095, -4.2906

Also within

Gwynedd County

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Geology & landscape

Geological Period: Quaternary

Landscape processes: Coastal, Glacial

Description

Description This site is of special interest for its geological and marine biological features. It consists of an 8km length of shoreline with nationally and regionally important intertidal communities between the headlands at Pen-y-chain and Criccieth Castle. Geologically this site is important for the glacial deposits exposed along the coastal cliffs at Glanllynnau and the associated glacial landforms found inland. The site is a south and south-easterly facing, moderately exposed mixed rock and sediment shore, the majority of which is backed by low soft sediment banks. Geology: Glanllynnau is one of the most important sites for studies of the late Devensian in Wales. A low coastal cliff reveals a sequence of glacial deposits. The lowest layer is of grey till, interbedded at the top with stratified sediments; the upper part of this unit is weathered and contains ice-wedge structures. This is overlain by sand and gravel which shows folding and faulting. The uppermost layer is of till. At the top of the cliff, and inland, kettle holes contain a succession of late-glacial and early Holocene inorganic and organic deposits. The glacial sediments have been interpreted as the product of separate ice advances, but recent work has shown that the sequence can also be explained in terms of a single glaciation during the late Devensian. This site may therefore provide a valuable model for reinterpreting other multiple till sequences in Wales. Radiocarbon analysis and studies of pollen and Coleoptera in the late-glacial sediments further enhance the significance of the site for environmental reconstructions. Glanllynnau has yielded the earliest radiocarbon date (14,468 ± 300 Before Present) for deglaciation in Wales. Further, it is the only site in Wales where Coleoptera have been studied to produce a detailed palaeo temperature reconstruction. Marine Biology: The marine biology of the site is of special interest because the shoreline is the largest extent of moderately exposed mixed rock and sediment shore in the Bardsey Island to St David’s Head Area of Search. In addition, it is the most typical, and has the best variety of biotopes (seashore and seabed habitats and their associated communities) expected to occur on this type of coastline. A complete community zonation of biotopes across the shoreline and a variety of specialised biotopes associated with rock and boulders occur on this shore. The nationally important Sabellaria alveolata (marine worm) reef biotope, is found in extensive reaches with outcrops of the nationally important ‘clay with Piddocks’ (mollusc) biotope also present. At the western boundary of the site are southerly facing rocky outcrops which show a good zonation from the splash zone to the lower shore. The upper zonation is represented by lichens such as the orange lichen, Xanthoria parientina, sea ivory Ramalina siliquosa and tar lichen Verrucaria maura. Below these and within the upper shore are acorn barnacles Chthamalus montagui and Semibalanus balanoides in association with bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus on more sheltered outcrops and the common mussel Mytilus edulis in more exposed areas. On the mid to lower shore serrated wrack Fucus serratus dominates and is interspersed with the red algae, pepper dulce Osmundea pinnatifida, Irish moss Chondrus crispus and coral weed Corallina officinalis. Oarweed Laminaria digitata overlies these algae lower down the shore. A similar distribution occurs across a wider intertidal area directly in front of the holiday centre and towards the mouth of the Afon Wen. This area is backed by soft sediment cliffs and artificial sea defences. Below this on upper shore cobbles and boulders the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides occurs, with the sponge Ophlitaspongia seriata occurring in high densities below boulders. Bladderwrack dominates the mid shore. Rock outcrops in the lower shore are overlain by serrated wrack which is interspersed with coral weed Chondrus crispus and Irish moss Mastocarpus stellatus. The shrimp Marinogammarus obtusatus occurs under cobbles in this zone. A small area of the nationally important biotope Sabellaria alveolata (honeycomb worm) reef occurs within the lower wrack area. Areas of sand on this shore are also well zoned. At the rear of the shore is a narrow strandline with the sand hopper Deshayesorchestia deshayesii above a narrow band of barren sand. A relatively wide expanse of upper to mid shore sediment is dominated by lugworm Arenicola marina, catworm Nephtys species and amphipods. Mid to lower shore sediments are dominated by sand mason worms Lanice conchilega and catworms. A rich bed of sea potatoes Echinocardium cordatum and pod razor shells Ensis siliqua occur on the lower shore. The small sandy coves between the rocky outcrops exhibit reduced zonation but include sea potato and a small bed of eelgrass Zostera species. With the exception of the Afon Dwyfor mouth, the shore to the east of and including Glanllynnau, shows a characteristic zonation of dominant biotopes as far as the promontory at Criccieth. The base of the predominantly unprotected soft earth cliffs exhibit a narrow banding of strandline dominated by sand hoppers Deshayesorchestia deshayesii or Taltritus saltator with barren sand immediately seaward. A high proportion of the shore here is made up of boulders, the mid to upper shore is dominated by various biotopes which always include bladderwrack. Under boulder species include the breadcrumb sponges Halichondria panicea and Hymeniacidon perleve, the broad clawed porcelain crab Porcellana platycheles, and fauna such as beadlet anemone Actinia equina, sea squirt Botryllus schlosseri, long clawed porcelain crab Pisidia longicornis, dog whelk Nucella lapillus and the barnacle Verruca stroemia. The winkle Littorina littorea and the acorn barnacles Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus montagui are common throughout. Overhangs on stable boulders and cobbles to the west of Criccieth Castle headland support sponges such as Hymeniacidon perleve, Halichondria panicea, Ophlitaspongia seriata and Leuconia nivea, the bryozoa Electra pilosa, and Bugula sp. and the worm Sabellaria alveolata. The lower shore is invariably dominated by serrated wrack with the red algae Irish mosses Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus. Areas of sand between boulders are usually dominated by lugworm, catworm and amphipods. However damp barren sands are occasionally replaced by reduced amphipod communities with the polychaete worm Scolelepis squamata. Additionally, narrow low shore bands of razor shell Ensis siliqua and sea potato occur towards the western fringe of the Afon Dwyfor. Of special interest are the well formed reefs of the nationally important biotope Sabellaria alveolata (honeycomb worm). These extend for c. 2.5 km along the mid and lower shore. At the mouths of both the Afon Wen and Afon Dwyfor, typical zonation of both rock and sand biotopes is interrupted, with large areas of either barren sand or ephemeral green algae predominating within areas of fresh water influence. The nationally important Piddocks in clay biotope with Barnea candida (a mollusc) occurs in small outcrops of clay near the Afon Wen. Beds of common mussel are abundant at the mouth of the Afon Dwyfor. Bonus features include a cobble bank in front of Glanllynnau which contains a deep rockpool holding species more commonly found in sublittoral areas. Seaweed species include Cystoclonium purpureum, sea beech Delesseria sanguinea, Hypoglossum hypoglossoides, Taonia atomaria, Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyosiphon agg.. In addition this area and the littoral region to the east is a popular seal haul out. A further bonus feature is the occurrence of small beds of seagrass Zostera species below the low water mark at Pen-y-chain. Remarks: The intertidal section of this site is part of the Pen Llŷn â’r Sarnau Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the EC Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Flora and Fauna). Sabellaria alveolata reefs are a Biodiversity Action Plan habitat.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
divided net weed Dictyota dichotoma Not listed in GB list algae brown dictyotaceae
serrated wrack Fucus serratus Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
oar weed Laminaria digitata Not listed in GB list algae brown laminariaceae
dotted peacock weed Taonia atomaria Not listed in GB list algae brown dictyotaceae
Irish moss Chondrus crispus Not listed in GB list algae red gigartinaceae
common coral weed Corallina officinalis Not listed in GB list algae red corallinaceae
purple claw weed Cystoclonium purpureum Not listed in GB list algae red cystocloniaceae
sea beech Delesseria sanguinea Not listed in GB list algae red delesseriaceae
under tongue weed Hypoglossum hypoglossoides Not listed in GB list algae red delesseriaceae
grape pip weed Mastocarpus stellatus Not listed in GB list algae red phyllophoraceae
pepper dulse Osmundea pinnatifida Not listed in GB list algae red rhodomelaceae
beadlet anenome Actinia equina Not listed in GB list anemone actiniidae
sand mason worm Lanice conchilega Not listed in GB list annelid terebellidae
acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides Not listed in GB list barnacle archaeobalanidae
wart barnacle Verruca stroemia Not listed in GB list barnacle verrucidae
blue mussel Mytilus edulis LC bivalve mytilidae
bryozoan Electra pilosa Not listed in GB list bryozoan electridae
Chthamalus montagui Not listed in GB list crustacean chthamalidae
Deshayesorchestia deshayesii Not listed in GB list crustacean talitridae
Marinogammarus obtusatus Not listed in GB list crustacean gammaridae
long-clawed porcelain crab Pisidia longicornis Not listed in GB list crustacean porcellanidae
broad-clawed porcelain crab Porcellana platycheles Not listed in GB list crustacean porcellanidae
sea potato Echinocardium cordatum Not listed in GB list echinoderm loveniidae
ivory rock lichen Ramalina siliquosa LC lichen no common name
sea tar Verrucaria maura Not listed in GB list lichen no common name
bivalve Ensis siliqua Not listed in GB list mollusc pharidae
periwinkle Littorina littorea LC mollusc littorinidae
blow lugworm Arenicola marina Not listed in GB list polychaete arenicolidae
honeycomb worm Sabellaria alveolata Not listed in GB list polychaete sabellariidae
star ascidian Botryllus schlosseri Not listed in GB list seasquirt styelidae
breadcomb sponge Halichondria panicea Not listed in GB list sponge halichondriidae
sponge Hymeniacidon perleve Not listed in GB list sponge halichondriidae
blood-red-coloured sponge Ophlitaspongia seriata Not listed in GB list sponge microcionidae
Scolelepis squamata Not listed in GB list worm spionidae

Plant communities

H7 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Scilla verna heath

Salix repens, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Erica vagans, Juniperus communis, Ulex europaeus, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex serotina, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Hypnum cupressiforme, Frullania tamarisci, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia rangiformis, Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Hypochaeris radicata, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Jasione montana, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Silene uniflora, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Genista pilosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Chara curta

H8 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath, Upland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Ulex gallii heath

Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex pilulifera, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Hypochaeris radicata, Jasione montana, Lotus corniculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Linum catharticum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola lactea, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis vinealis, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta

MC1 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Crithmum maritimum-Spergularia rupicola maritime rock-crevice community

Tortella flavovirens, Crithmum maritimum, Daucus carota, Inula crithmoides, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium diffusum, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium binervosum, Catapodium marinum, Festuca rubra, Parapholis incurva, Asplenium marinum

MC2 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Armeria maritima-Ligusticum scoticum maritime rock-crevice community

Schistidium maritimum, Ligusticum scoticum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Sedum rosea, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Asplenium marinum

MC3 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Rhodiola rosea-Armeria maritima 36-ledge community

Angelica sylvestris, Ligusticum scoticum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Sedum rosea, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus

MC4 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Brassica oleracea 36-ledge community

Daucus carota, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium arvense, Echium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea, Cheiranthus cheiri, Silene nutans, Silene uniflora, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Ononis repens, Teucrium scorodonia, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Potentilla reptans, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Schedonorus arundinaceus

MC5 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Armeria maritima-Cerastium diffusum ssp. diffusum maritime therophyte community

Carex flacca, Hypnum cupressiforme, Tortella flavovirens, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia rangiformis, Collema spp., Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium acaule, Echium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Myosotis ramosissima, Brassica oleracea, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Diplotaxis muralis, Jasione montana, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Herniaria ciliolata, Sagina apetala, Sagina maritima, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex littoralis, Sedum acre, Sedum anglicum, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium occidentale, Trifolium repens, Trifolium scabrum, Vicia sativa, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Salvia verbenaca, Thymus praecox, Scilla autumnalis, Scilla verna, Radiola linoides, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica arvensis, Armeria maritima, Ranunculus acris, Reseda lutea, Filipendula vulgaris, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Catapodium rigidum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Lolium perenne, Schedonorus arundinaceus

MC6 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Atriplex prostrata-Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community

Daucus carota, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Malva arborea, Plantago coronopus, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra

MC7 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Stellaria media-Rumex acetosa sea-bird cliff community

Juncus articulatus, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio vulgaris, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium glomeratum, Silene uniflora, Spergula arvensis, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Sedum anglicum, Trifolium repens, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

MC8 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca rubra-Armeria maritima maritime grassland

Carex caryophyllea, Carex distans, Kindbergia praelonga, Tortella flavovirens, Trichostomum brachydontium, Angelica sylvestris, Crithmum maritimum, Daucus carota, Ligusticum scoticum, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Inula crithmoides, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus oleraceus, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Brassica oleracea, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina apetala, Sagina maritima, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Scilla verna, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Potentilla erecta, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium pinnatum, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa subcaerulea

MC9 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca rubra-Holcus lanatus maritime grassland

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Luzula campestris, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Trichostomum brachydontium, Cladonia chlorophaea, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Solidago virgaurea, Cochlearia officinalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Sedum anglicum, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Genista tinctoria, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Geranium sanguineum, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla erecta, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis

MG1 — Brownfield, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Arrhenatherum elatius grassland

Hedera helix, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Aegopodium podagraria, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Pimpinella major, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Artemisia vulgaris, Carduus nutans, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum vulgare, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Cerastium fontanum, Silene nutans, Stellaria graminea, Convolvulus arvensis, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Vicia sepium, Geranium dissectum, Hypericum perforatum, Clinopodium vulgare, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium hirsutum, Epipactis purpurata, Rhinanthus minor, Papaver dubium, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Anisantha sterilis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Bromus hordeaceous, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis, Trisetum flavescens, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara vulgaris

MG10 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope, Upland rush pasture

Holcus lanatus-Juncus effusus rush-pasture

Carex hirta, Carex panicea, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Caltha palustris, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Mentha aquatica, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Festulolium loliaceum, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis

MG11 — Brownfield, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex arenaria, Carex distans, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Brachythecium rutabulum, Odontites verna, Oenanthe lachenalii, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Matricaria discoidea, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio aquaticus, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina procumbens, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Parapholis strigosa, Phleum pratense, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis

MG12 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca arundinacea grassland

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex distans, Carex nigra, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Kindbergia praelonga, Odontites verna, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Torilis japonica, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cerastium fontanum, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis