Arfordir Penrhyn Angle / Angle Peninsula Coast
Climate exposure
This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.
Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.
Geology & landscape
Geological Period: Carboniferous, Devonian, Quaternary · Rock Type: Carboniferous Limestone, Conglomerate, Limestone, Sandstone, Shale
Landscape processes: Coastal, Glacial, Periglacial
Birds & fish recorded
Birds
| Species | Season |
|---|---|
| peregrine | Breeding |
| peregrine | Wintering |
Description
Description Arfordir Penrhyn Angle/Angle Peninsula Coast is of special interest for its geology, its wide range of intertidal rock, sand, and gravel habitats and communities, particularly rockpools, caves, tide-swept and under-boulder communities, and for its population of roosting and feeding chough. The site is located at the western extremity of southern Pembrokeshire, extending south from the mouth of the Milford Haven Waterway. It encompasses Thorn Island and the coastline around the Angle Peninsula to the sandy beach at Freshwater West. The small village of Angle lies adjacent to the site, approximately four miles from the town of Milford Haven. West Angle Bay is underlain by Carboniferous Limestone, exposed in cliffs and an extensive wave-cut platform adjacent to a sandy beach. There is a thick cover of Quaternary deposits (mostly clays and stony clays) behind and just to the north of the beach. Rocks of Old Red Sandstone type (mudstones, siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates) are present in the cliffs to the north and south of the bay. GEOLOGY: Quaternary of Wales (West Angle Bay) West Angle Bay is an extremely important and controversial site with significant implications for the glacial and interglacial chronology of Wales. Cliff exposures at the head of the main bay extend for over 100 metres and display a range of glacial, interglacial and periglacial deposits which have been interpreted in a number of different ways. The nature and origin of these sediments and the chronology of events that they represent have yet to be established with any certainty. West Angle is potentially one of the most important Pleistocene sites in Wales. Non-Marine Devonian (West Angle Bay (North): The site exposes a section from the Ridgeway Conglomerate Formation, through the Skrinkle Sandstone Group, into the Lower Limestone Shale Formation of the Lower Carboniferous. This section through the Skrinkle Sandstone shows the transition from non-marine river sediments (conglomerates and red shales) via several marginal marine (beach barrier and lagoon) sequences into the fully marine shelf shales of the Lower Carboniferous. The section is a key one for understanding the environments of the Skrinkle Sandstone, and is important for linking the Old Red Sandstone lithostratigraphy to a biostratigraphical scheme based on spores and conodonts. The biostratigraphical evidence here shows the slight mismatch between the lithological top of the Old Red Sandstone (top of the Skrinkle Sandstone) and the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary which is lower (within the Skrinkle Sandstone). BIOLOGY: The majority of this biologically rich and varied site is backed by high crumbling cliffs, with ridges, slabs of bedrock and rugged pinnacles that extend the width of the shore. These are interspersed by small narrow boulder and cobble beaches with one popular sandy beach known as West Angle Bay to the north. The majority of the lower shore throughout the site is characterised by oar weed Laminaria digitata and dabberlocks Alaria esculenta, overlying encrusting coralline and filamentous red seaweeds, including Gigartina pistillata, a nationally scarce red seaweed. To the north of the site, at the entrance to the Milford Haven Waterway, increased exposure to tidal flow results in an increased richness of animal species. Further up the shore many of the lower shore rocks are dominated by serrated wrack Fucus serratus, turf-forming red algae such as pepper dulse Osmundea pinnatifida and Mastocarpus stellatus and thong-weed Himanthalia elongata. Areas of bedrock and boulders at the mid-shore level are dominated by an encrustation of barnacles Chthalamus stellatus, C. montagui, Semibalanus balanoides, and limpets with a canopy of bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus var. linearis occurring in places. An intermittent line of pygmy lichen Lichina pygmaea occurs amongst the upper limits of the encrustation below a band of black tar lichen Verrucaria maura, which is interspersed with patches of laver bread Porphyra sp. in areas of increased exposure. The splash zone above supports a band of yellow and grey lichens. The cliffs and bedrock outcrops contain caves, shaded rocky faces and overhangs that support communities of special interest. These provide a habitat for animal species such as breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea, lace sponge Clathrina coriacea, star sea squirt Botryllus schlosseri, piddock Hiatella arctica, the sea mat Electra pilosa, the mollusc European cowrie Trivia monacha, and red seaweeds including Plumaria plumosa, Lomentaria articulata and Membranoptera alata. Some of the most biologically rich rockpool communities to be found on moderately exposed rock, between St David's and the Severn Estuary occur within this site. These are mainly dominated by coralline algae Corallina officinalis, along with species such as the brown alga sea oak Halidrys siliquosa, carragheen moss Chondrus crispus, dulse Palmaria palmata, snakelocks anemone Anemonia viridis and purple top shell Steromphala umbilicalis. Species-rich deep wrack and kelp-dominated pools occur in areas on the lower shore. These host species such as sea oak, dulse, cushion star Asterina gibbosa and A. phylactica, breadcrumb sponge, common prawn Palaemon serratus, and grey top shell G. cineraria. Higher up the cliff, ledges and crevices support several species of interest such as golden samphire, Inula crithmoides, rock sea lavender Limonium procerum ssp. procerum, sea aster Aster tripolium and both Portland and woodland spurge Euphorbia portlandica, Euphorbia amygdaloides. Further inland the coastal slopes support maritime grassland dominated by red fescue Festuca rubra and cocks-foot Dactylis glomerata containing species such as green-winged orchid Anacamptis morio, thrift Armeria maritima, buck's-horn plantain Plantago coronopus, birds-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus, and sea campion Silene uniflora. Western gorse Ulex gallii, European gorse Ulex europaeus and blackthorn Prunus spinosa dominate in areas, along with species such as heather Calluna vulgaris, and spring squill Scilla verna. Freshwater flushes along the coastal slopes and cliffs support additional species such as distant sedge Carex distans and blunt-flowered rush Juncus subnodulosus. The Angle Peninsula coast supports a small breeding population (usually one to two pairs a year), and roosting areas for a significant proportion of the South Pembrokeshire non-breeding population of chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. There is regular interchange with chough from the neighbouring Castlemartin Coast and it plays a pivotal role in the movements of chough generally on the Pembrokeshire Coast. A communal roost in the Whitedole/South Studdock area is regularly occupied by up to 15 chough and there are a number of available nest sites along the cliffs, one or two of which are occupied each year. The short, grazed maritime grassland turf, which occurs in places along this stretch of coastline supports invertebrate communities that provides good feeding habitat. Invertebrates of particular interest include the weevils Trachyphloeus rectus and Trichosirocalus dawsoni. Feeding peregrine Falco peregrinus are regularly seen and have been recorded breeding on this site, along with feeding and over wintering greater and lesser horseshoe bats Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Rhinolophus hipposideros. Remarks: The site lies entirely within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. The site is a component part of Pembrokeshire Marine/Sir Benfro Fôrol candidate Special Area of Conservation for its reefs and sea caves, Annex I of the EC Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora). Greater and lesser horseshoe bats are listed on Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), and on Annex IIa of the Habitats Directive. This document is NOT a definitive legal version and has been formatted, updated and partially edited for use on the CCW Web site.
Species mentioned
Show the 49 species mentioned in the description, with red-list status| English name search for this in other sites |
Latin name search with Google |
IUCN / Red List | Type | Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dabberlocks | Alaria esculenta | Not listed in GB list | algae brown | alariaceae |
| serrated wrack | Fucus serratus | Not listed in GB list | algae brown | fucaceae |
| bladder wrack | Fucus vesiculosus | Not listed in GB list | algae brown | fucaceae |
| sea oak | Halidrys siliquosa | Not listed in GB list | algae brown | cystoseiraceae |
| thong weed | Himanthalia elongata | Not listed in GB list | algae brown | himanthaliaceae |
| oar weed | Laminaria digitata | Not listed in GB list | algae brown | laminariaceae |
| Irish moss | Chondrus crispus | Not listed in GB list | algae red | gigartinaceae |
| common coral weed | Corallina officinalis | Not listed in GB list | algae red | corallinaceae |
| pestle weed | Gigartina pistillata | Not listed in GB list | algae red | gigartinaceae |
| bunny-eared bead weed | Lomentaria articulata | Not listed in GB list | algae red | lomentariaceae |
| grape pip weed | Mastocarpus stellatus | Not listed in GB list | algae red | phyllophoraceae |
| winged weed | Membranoptera alata | Not listed in GB list | algae red | delesseriaceae |
| pepper dulse | Osmundea pinnatifida | Not listed in GB list | algae red | rhodomelaceae |
| dulse | Palmaria palmata | Not listed in GB list | algae red | palmariaceae |
| soft feather weed | Plumaria plumosa | Not listed in GB list | algae red | ceramiaceae |
| snakelocks anemone | Anemonia viridis | Not listed in GB list | anemone | actiniidae |
| acorn barnacle | Semibalanus balanoides | Not listed in GB list | barnacle | archaeobalanidae |
| greater horseshoe bat | Rhinolophus ferrumequinum | LC | bat | vespertillonidae |
| lesser horseshoe bat | Rhinolophus hipposideros | LC | bat | vespertillonidae |
| weevil | Trichosirocalus dawsoni | Not listed in GB list | beetle | curculionidae |
| chough | Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax | VU (Breeding) | bird-corvid | corvidae |
| peregrine | Falco peregrinus | LC (Breeding) | bird-hawk | falconidae |
| wrinkled rock borer | Hiatella arctica | Not listed in GB list | bivalve | hiatellidae |
| bryozoan | Electra pilosa | Not listed in GB list | bryozoan | electridae |
| cushion star | Asterina gibbosa | Not listed in GB list | echinoderm | asterinidae |
| cock's foot | Dactylis glomerata | LC | grass | poaceae |
| red fescue | Festuca rubra | LC | grass | poaceae |
| green-winged orchid | Anacamptis morio | NT | herb | orchidaceae |
| thrift | Armeria maritima | CR | herb | plumbaginaceae |
| sea aster | Aster tripolium | Not listed in GB list | herb | asteraceae |
| wood spurge | Euphorbia amygdaloides | LC | herb | euphorbiaceae |
| Portland spurge | Euphorbia portlandica | LC | herb | euphorbiaceae |
| golden samphire | Inula crithmoides | Not listed in GB list | herb | asteraceae |
| rock sea-lavender | Limonium procerum | Not listed in GB list | herb | plumbaginaceae |
| birdsfoot trefoil | Lotus corniculatus | LC | herb | fabaceae |
| buck's-horn plantain | Plantago coronopus | LC | herb | plantaginaceae |
| spring squill | Scilla verna | LC | herb | liliaceae |
| sea campion | Silene uniflora | LC | herb | carophyllaceae |
| Lichina pygmaea | LC | lichen | lichinaceae | |
| sea tar | Verrucaria maura | Not listed in GB list | lichen | no common name |
| Steromphala umbilicalis | LC | mollusc | trochidae | |
| blunt-flowered rush | Juncus subnodulosus | LC | rush | juncaceae |
| star ascidian | Botryllus schlosseri | Not listed in GB list | seasquirt | styelidae |
| distant sedge | Carex distans | VU | sedge | cyperaceae |
| blackthorn | Prunus spinosa | LC | shrub | rosaceae |
| gorse | Ulex europaeus | LC | shrub | leguminosae |
| western gorse | Ulex gallii | LC | shrub | leguminosae |
| bell heather or ling | Calluna vulgaris | NT | shrub dwarf | ericaceae |
| breadcomb sponge | Halichondria panicea | Not listed in GB list | sponge | halichondriidae |
Insects to look out for
These moths, butterflies and beetles are known to feed on plants recorded at this site, and carry a notable UK conservation status — but a host-plant being present doesn't mean the insect has actually been recorded here. Treat this as "worth watching for," not a confirmed sighting.
| Species | Status | Via host-plant |
|---|---|---|
| Black-veined moth Siona lineata |
Critically Endangered | Lotus corniculatus |
| New forest Zygaena viciae |
Critically Endangered | Lotus corniculatus |
| Straw belle Aspitates gilvaria |
Endangered | Lotus corniculatus |
| Figure of eight Diloba caeruleocephala |
Endangered | Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| The lappet Gastropacha quercifolia |
Endangered | Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| The grey Hadena caesia |
Endangered | Silene uniflora |
| Shoulder-striped clover Heliothis maritima |
Endangered | Calluna vulgaris |
| Wood white Leptidea sinapis |
Endangered | Lotus corniculatus |
| Glanville fritillary Melitaea cinxia |
Endangered | Plantago coronopus |
| Scarce vapourer Orgyia recens |
Endangered | Prunus spinosa |
| Black hairstreak Satyrium pruni |
Endangered | Prunus spinosa |
| Slender scotch Zygaena loti |
Endangered | Lotus corniculatus |
| Mouse moth Amphipyra tragopoginis |
Vulnerable | Lotus corniculatus |
| The sprawler Asteroscopus sphinx |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| Broom moth Ceramica pisi |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris |
| Mottled umber Erannis defoliaria |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa |
| Dingy skipper Erynnis tages |
Vulnerable | Lotus corniculatus |
| Marsh fritillary Euphydryas aurinia |
Vulnerable | Plantago spp. |
| Satyr pug Eupithecia satyrata |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris |
| Garden dart Euxoa nigricans |
Vulnerable | Plantago spp. |
| Grayling Hipparchia semele |
Vulnerable | Festuca rubra |
| True lover's knot Lycophotia porphyrea |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris |
| The lackey Malacosoma neustria |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| Pale brindled Phigalia pilosaria |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa |
| Silver studded blue Plebejus argus |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris, Lotus corniculatus, Ulex spp. |
| Lead belle Scotopteryx mucronata |
Vulnerable | Ulex europaeus |
| Brown hairstreak Thecla betulae |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa |
| Early moth Theria primaria |
Vulnerable | Prunus spinosa |
| Pale eggar Trichiura crataegi |
Vulnerable | Calluna vulgaris, Prunus spinosa |
| Flounced chestnut Agrochola helvola |
Near Threatened | Calluna vulgaris |
| Grey chi Antitype chi |
Near Threatened | Armeria maritima |
| Large nutmeg Apamea anceps |
Near Threatened | Dactylis glomerata |
| Garden tiger Arctia caja |
Near Threatened | Plantago spp., Prunus spinosa |
| Small heath Coenonympha pamphilus |
Near Threatened | Festuca spp. |
| Grey scalloped Dyscia fagaria |
Near Threatened | Calluna vulgaris |
| Large thorn Ennomos autumnaria |
Near Threatened | Prunus spinosa, Prunus spp. |
| Autumnal rustic Eugnorisma glareosa |
Near Threatened | Calluna vulgaris, Plantago spp. |
| Grey pug Eupithecia subfuscata |
Near Threatened | Prunus spinosa |
| Double dart Graphiphora augur |
Near Threatened | Prunus spinosa |
| Weaver's wave Idaea contiguaria |
Near Threatened | Calluna vulgaris |
| Wall Lasiommata megera |
Near Threatened | Dactylis glomerata |
| Rosy minor Litoligia literosa |
Near Threatened | Dactylis glomerata |
Host-plant data: Cook et al. (2025), Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology / Butterfly Conservation; and Padovani et al. (2020), Database of Insects and their Food Plants (DBIF), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (both Open Government Licence). Contains data supplied by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.
Plant communities
H7 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath
Calluna vulgaris-Scilla verna heath
Matches 9 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Calluna vulgaris, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago coronopus, Scilla verna, Silene uniflora, Ulex europaeus
Show 70 indicator speciesSalix repens, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Erica vagans, Juniperus communis, Ulex europaeus, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex serotina, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Hypnum cupressiforme, Frullania tamarisci, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia rangiformis, Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Hypochaeris radicata, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Jasione montana, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Silene uniflora, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Genista pilosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Chara curta
MC8 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Festuca rubra-Armeria maritima maritime grassland
Matches 9 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Carex distans, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Inula crithmoides, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago coronopus, Scilla verna, Silene uniflora
Show 45 indicator speciesCarex caryophyllea, Carex distans, Kindbergia praelonga, Tortella flavovirens, Trichostomum brachydontium, Angelica sylvestris, Crithmum maritimum, Daucus carota, Ligusticum scoticum, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Inula crithmoides, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus oleraceus, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Brassica oleracea, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina apetala, Sagina maritima, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Scilla verna, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Potentilla erecta, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium pinnatum, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa subcaerulea
MC5 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Armeria maritima-Cerastium diffusum ssp. diffusum maritime therophyte community
Matches 8 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Dactylis glomerata, Euphorbia portlandica, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago coronopus, Scilla verna, Silene uniflora
Show 77 indicator speciesCarex flacca, Hypnum cupressiforme, Tortella flavovirens, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia rangiformis, Collema spp., Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium acaule, Echium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Myosotis ramosissima, Brassica oleracea, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Diplotaxis muralis, Jasione montana, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Herniaria ciliolata, Sagina apetala, Sagina maritima, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex littoralis, Sedum acre, Sedum anglicum, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium occidentale, Trifolium repens, Trifolium scabrum, Vicia sativa, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Salvia verbenaca, Thymus praecox, Scilla autumnalis, Scilla verna, Radiola linoides, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica arvensis, Armeria maritima, Ranunculus acris, Reseda lutea, Filipendula vulgaris, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Catapodium rigidum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Lolium perenne, Schedonorus arundinaceus
H8 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath, Upland dry heath
Calluna vulgaris-Ulex gallii heath
Matches 7 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus, Scilla verna, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii
Show 59 indicator speciesCalluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex pilulifera, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Hypochaeris radicata, Jasione montana, Lotus corniculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Linum catharticum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola lactea, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis vinealis, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta
MC9 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Festuca rubra-Holcus lanatus maritime grassland
Matches 7 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Dactylis glomerata, Euphorbia portlandica, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus, Scilla verna, Silene uniflora
Show 67 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Luzula campestris, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Trichostomum brachydontium, Cladonia chlorophaea, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Solidago virgaurea, Cochlearia officinalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Sedum anglicum, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Genista tinctoria, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Geranium sanguineum, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla erecta, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis
MC1 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Crithmum maritimum-Spergularia rupicola maritime rock-crevice community
Matches 5 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Festuca rubra, Inula crithmoides, Plantago coronopus, Silene uniflora
Show 19 indicator speciesTortella flavovirens, Crithmum maritimum, Daucus carota, Inula crithmoides, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium diffusum, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium binervosum, Catapodium marinum, Festuca rubra, Parapholis incurva, Asplenium marinum
MC4 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Brassica oleracea 36-ledge community
Matches 5 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Plantago coronopus, Silene uniflora
Show 33 indicator speciesDaucus carota, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium arvense, Echium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea, Cheiranthus cheiri, Silene nutans, Silene uniflora, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Ononis repens, Teucrium scorodonia, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Potentilla reptans, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Schedonorus arundinaceus
MC6 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Hard cliff and cliff slope
Atriplex prostrata-Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community
Matches 5 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Plantago coronopus, Silene uniflora
Show 17 indicator speciesDaucus carota, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Malva arborea, Plantago coronopus, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra
MG11 — Brownfield, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope
Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland
Matches 5 species from the description above: Carex distans, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus, Silene uniflora
Show 64 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Carex arenaria, Carex distans, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Brachythecium rutabulum, Odontites verna, Oenanthe lachenalii, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Matricaria discoidea, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio aquaticus, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina procumbens, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Parapholis strigosa, Phleum pratense, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis
MC2 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Armeria maritima-Ligusticum scoticum maritime rock-crevice community
Matches 4 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Festuca rubra, Plantago coronopus, Silene uniflora
Show 17 indicator speciesSchistidium maritimum, Ligusticum scoticum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Sedum rosea, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Asplenium marinum
MC3 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Rhodiola rosea-Armeria maritima 36-ledge community
Matches 4 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus, Silene uniflora
Show 15 indicator speciesAngelica sylvestris, Ligusticum scoticum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Sedum rosea, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus
MG12 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope
Festuca arundinacea grassland
Matches 4 species from the description above: Carex distans, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus
Show 56 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Carex distans, Carex nigra, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Kindbergia praelonga, Odontites verna, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Torilis japonica, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cerastium fontanum, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis
MC7 — Hard cliff and cliff slope
Stellaria media-Rumex acetosa sea-bird cliff community
Matches 3 species from the description above: Armeria maritima, Festuca rubra, Silene uniflora
Show 24 indicator speciesJuncus articulatus, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio vulgaris, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium glomeratum, Silene uniflora, Spergula arvensis, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Sedum anglicum, Trifolium repens, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa annua, Poa pratensis
MG1 — Brownfield, Hard cliff and cliff slope
Arrhenatherum elatius grassland
Matches 3 species from the description above: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lotus corniculatus
Show 102 indicator speciesHedera helix, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Aegopodium podagraria, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Pimpinella major, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Artemisia vulgaris, Carduus nutans, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum vulgare, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Cerastium fontanum, Silene nutans, Stellaria graminea, Convolvulus arvensis, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Vicia sepium, Geranium dissectum, Hypericum perforatum, Clinopodium vulgare, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium hirsutum, Epipactis purpurata, Rhinanthus minor, Papaver dubium, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Anisantha sterilis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Bromus hordeaceous, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis, Trisetum flavescens, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara vulgaris
MG10 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope, Upland rush pasture
Holcus lanatus-Juncus effusus rush-pasture
Matches 2 species from the description above: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra
Show 58 indicator speciesCarex hirta, Carex panicea, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Caltha palustris, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Mentha aquatica, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Festulolium loliaceum, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis
A14 — Fast flowing river and stream
Myriophyllum alterniflorum community
Show 15 indicator speciesIsolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina
A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream
Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community
Show 11 indicator speciesBerula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans
A18 — Fast flowing river and stream
Ranunculus fluitans community
Show 12 indicator speciesFontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea
A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream
Potamogeton natans community
Show 20 indicator speciesSchoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa