Carn Ingli

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 51.9995, -4.8389

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Peatland

Peat habitats store centuries of carbon and depend on a stable, waterlogged water table. Warmer, drier summers dry out peat, making it far more vulnerable to wildfire and to carbon release — a pressure that can undo years of restoration work regardless of how well the site is otherwise managed.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Geology & landscape

Geological Period: Ordovician

Landscape processes: Coastal, Glacial, Peatland / Mire, Volcanic / Igneous

Description

Description The site is of special interest for its oceanic heathland vegetation which is intermediate between upland and lowland heath. Rock outcrops and associated blockfields and small areas of spring-fed flushes add to the diversity. Several scarce plants, including lichens, occur as does the nationally rare damselfly, Coenagrion mercuriale. At the eastern end of a ridge of heathland the rocky summit of Carn Ingli reaches 347 metres above sea level, yet lies within 2 kms of the sea. Erosion by glacial meltwater created the channel of the Afon Gwaun and separated the plateau of Carn Ingli from the main Mynydd Preseli range. The underlying rocks of both ridges are Ordovician in origin, with bands of intrusive igneous rock outcropping to form the rocky tors and associated frost-shattered blockfields. Dry heath of heather Calluna vulgaris, bell heather Erica cinerea and western gorse Ulex gallii is the dominant habitat, and is maintained through traditional rough grazing by sheep, cattle and ponies, supplemented by controlled winter burning. In places, the heathland grades into patches of grassland with common bent Agrostis capillaris, red fescue Festuca rubra, sheep's fescue Festuca ovina, sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, tormentil Potentilla erecta and heath bedstraw Galium saxatile. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum occurs on the deeper-soiled lower slopes. Seasonally waterlogged soils support wet heath with abundant cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix and purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea. Scattered flushes on the lower slopes of the site arise from numerous springs. Plants of these flushes include sharp-flowered rush Juncus acutiflorus, many-stalked spike-rush Eleocharis multicaulis, common cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium, devils' bit scabious Succisa pratensis, bog pondweed Potamogeton polygonifolius and round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia. Other species found are cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos, wood horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum, whorled caraway Carum verticillatum and few-flowered spike-rush Eleocharis quinqueflora. Small rocky tors and boulders are scattered throughout the site . In the crevices among the boulders grow a variety of ferns such as lady-fern Athyrium filix-femina, hard fern Blechnum spicant, polypody Polypodium vulgare and male-fern Dryopteris filix-mas, along with bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, foxglove Digitalis purpurea, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, wood sage Teucrium scorodonia and other species suggesting former woodland cover.The nationally scarce bog orchid Hammarbya paludosa is found amongst the flushes and small rills. These wet flushes have other scarce plants, including much pale butterwort Pinguicula lusitanica and dioecious sedge Carex dioica, and small populations of white beak-sedge Rhynchospora alba and fir clubmoss Huperzia selago. Small numbers of Wilson's filmy-fern Hymenophyllum wilsonii grow in the damp, shady recesses of the tors. The lichens of the tors, blockfields and abundant scattered boulders are of importance, with several scarce species such as Ophioparma ventosa and Lecanora caesiosora. Tiny watercourses in the flushes adjacent to Pont Ceunant support a small breeding population of the nationally rare southern damselfly. Other dragonflies present in similar habitats include the keeled skimmer Orthetrum coerulescens and the golden-ringed Cordulegaster boltonii. Remarks: The site lies within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. The site is registered as common land. Coenagrion mercuriale is listed in Annex IIa of Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Flora and Fauna.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
Phalacrocorax aristotelis Not listed in GB list bird phalacrocoracidae
golden-ringed dragonfly Cordulegaster boltonii LC dragonfly cordulegastridae
keeled skimmer Orthetrum coerulescens LC dragonfly libellulidae
lady-fern Athyrium filix-femina LC fern woodsiaceae
hard fern Blechnum spicant LC fern blechnaceae
male fern Dryopteris filix-mas LC fern dryopteridaceae
Wilson's filmy-fern Hymenophyllum wilsonii VU fern hymenophyllaceae
polypody Polypodium vulgare LC fern polypodiaceae
bracken Pteridium aquilinum LC fern dennstaedtiaceae
common bent Agrostis capillaris LC grass poaceae
sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum LC grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
purple moor grass Molinia caerulea LC grass poaceae
whorled caraway Carum verticillatum Not listed in GB list herb apiaceae
foxglove Digitalis purpurea LC herb plantaginaceae
round leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia LC herb droceraceae
wood horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum NT herb equisetaceae
heath bedstraw Galium saxatile LC herb rubiaceae
bog orchid Hammarbya paludosa LC herb orchidaceae
wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella LC herb oxalidaceae
pale butterwort Pinguicula lusitanica LC herb lentibulariaceae
bog pondweed Potamogeton polygonifolius LC herb potamogetonaceae
tormentil Potentilla erecta LC herb rosaceae
devils-bit scabious Succisa pratensis VU herb caprifoliaceae
wood sage Teucrium scorodonia LC herb lamiaceae
alpine bloodspot lichen Ophioparma ventosa LC lichen no common name
fir clubmoss Huperzia selago LC moss club lycopodiaceae
many-stemmed spike-rush Eleocharis multicaulis LC rush juncaceae
few flowered spike rush Eleocharis quinqueflora LC rush juncaceae
sharp-flowered rush Juncus acutiflorus LC rush juncaceae
dioecious sedge Carex dioica LC sedge cyperaceae
common cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium NT sedge cyperaceae
white-beak sedge Rhynchospora alba LC sedge cyperaceae
western gorse Ulex gallii LC shrub leguminosae
billberry Vaccinium myrtillus LC shrub ericaceae
cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos LC shrub ericaceae
bell heather or ling Calluna vulgaris NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
bell heather Erica cinerea NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
cross leaved heath Erica tetralix NT shrub dwarf ericaceae

Insects to look out for

These moths, butterflies and beetles are known to feed on plants recorded at this site, and carry a notable UK conservation status — but a host-plant being present doesn't mean the insect has actually been recorded here. Treat this as "worth watching for," not a confirmed sighting.

SpeciesStatusVia host-plant
Speckled footman
Coscinia cribraria
Critically Endangered Vaccinium myrtillus
Chequered skipper
Carterocephalus palaemon
Endangered Molinia caerulea
Shoulder-striped clover
Heliothis maritima
Endangered Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix
Heath fritillary
Melitaea athalia
Endangered Digitalis purpurea, Teucrium scorodonia
Broom moth
Ceramica pisi
Vulnerable Calluna vulgaris, Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium myrtillus
Large heath
Coenonympha tullia
Vulnerable Eriophorum angustifolium, Molinia caerulea, Rhynchospora alba
Beetle
Cryptocephalus biguttatus
Vulnerable Erica tetralix
Mottled umber
Erannis defoliaria
Vulnerable Vaccinium myrtillus
Marsh fritillary
Euphydryas aurinia
Vulnerable Succisa pratensis
Satyr pug
Eupithecia satyrata
Vulnerable Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Galium spp.
Grayling
Hipparchia semele
Vulnerable Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra
Bedstraw hawk-moth
Hyles gallii
Vulnerable Galium spp.
True lover's knot
Lycophotia porphyrea
Vulnerable Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea
Silver studded blue
Plebejus argus
Vulnerable Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Ulex spp.
Grizzled skipper
Pyrgus malvae
Vulnerable Potentilla erecta
The anomalous
Stilbia anomala
Vulnerable Molinia caerulea
Early moth
Theria primaria
Vulnerable Vaccinium myrtillus
Pale eggar
Trichiura crataegi
Vulnerable Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Vaccinium myrtillus
Flounced chestnut
Agrochola helvola
Near Threatened Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus
Beaded chestnut
Agrochola lychnidis
Near Threatened Vaccinium myrtillus
Grey chi
Antitype chi
Near Threatened Digitalis purpurea
Garden tiger
Arctia caja
Near Threatened Pteridium aquilinum
Small heath
Coenonympha pamphilus
Near Threatened Agrostis spp., Festuca spp.
Rosy marsh moth
Coenophila subrosea
Near Threatened Eriophorum spp., Vaccinium myrtillus
Silver barred
Deltote bankiana
Near Threatened Molinia caerulea
Grey scalloped
Dyscia fagaria
Near Threatened Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix
The Silurian
Eriopygodes imbecilla
Near Threatened Galium saxatile, Vaccinium myrtillus
Autumnal rustic
Eugnorisma glareosa
Near Threatened Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Festuca ovina, Galium spp.
Silver-spotted skipper
Hesperia comma
Near Threatened Festuca ovina
Weaver's wave
Idaea contiguaria
Near Threatened Calluna vulgaris
Wall
Lasiommata megera
Near Threatened Agrostis spp.
Rosy minor
Litoligia literosa
Near Threatened Festuca ovina
Dark-barred twin-spot carpet
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Near Threatened Galium spp.
Scotch burnet
Zygaena exulans
Near Threatened Vaccinium myrtillus

Host-plant data: Cook et al. (2025), Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology / Butterfly Conservation; and Padovani et al. (2020), Database of Insects and their Food Plants (DBIF), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (both Open Government Licence). Contains data supplied by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.

Plant communities

M15 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Upland wet heath

Scirpus cespitosus-Erica tetralix wet heath

Matches 19 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Blechnum spicant, Calluna vulgaris, Carex dioica, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Galium saxatile, Huperzia selago, Juncus acutiflorus, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Pteridium aquilinum, Succisa pratensis, Vaccinium myrtillus

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Aneura pinguis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Succisa pratensis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Hypericum pulchrum, Triglochin palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza maculata, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Trientalis europaea, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum

H8 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath, Upland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Ulex gallii heath

Matches 15 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calluna vulgaris, Digitalis purpurea, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Galium saxatile, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Pteridium aquilinum, Teucrium scorodonia, Ulex gallii, Vaccinium myrtillus

Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex pilulifera, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Hypochaeris radicata, Jasione montana, Lotus corniculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Linum catharticum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola lactea, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis vinealis, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta

M17 — Blanket bog

Scirpus cespitosus-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire

Matches 14 species from the description above: Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calluna vulgaris, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Festuca ovina, Galium saxatile, Huperzia selago, Juncus acutiflorus, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Rhynchospora alba, Vaccinium myrtillus

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus setifolius, Campylopus shawii, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum imbricatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum strictum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

M25 — Blanket bog, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture, Upland acid grassland

Molinia caerulea-Potentilla erecta mire

Matches 14 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calluna vulgaris, Carum verticillatum, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Juncus acutiflorus, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Succisa pratensis, Ulex gallii, Vaccinium oxycoccos

Salix cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Angelica sylvestris, Carum verticillatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia urens, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza maculata, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Osmunda regalis

H4 — Lowland dry heath, Lowland wet heath, Upland dry heath

Ulex gallii-Agrostis curtisii heath

Matches 13 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Galium saxatile, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Pteridium aquilinum, Ulex gallii, Vaccinium myrtillus

Salix repens, Calluna vulgaris, Erica ciliaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Erica vagans, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex gallii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Carex montana, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus introflexus, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia subcervicornis, Cladonia uncialis, Cuscuta epithymum, Lotus corniculatus, Thymus praecox, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygala vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola lactea, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteridium aquilinum

H5 — Lowland wet heath

Erica vagans-Schoenus nigricans heath

Matches 13 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Drosera rotundifolia, Eleocharis multicaulis, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Festuca ovina, Juncus acutiflorus, Molinia caerulea, Pinguicula lusitanica, Potentilla erecta, Succisa pratensis, Ulex gallii

Salix repens, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Erica vagans, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Eleocharis multicaulis, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus maritimus, Fissidens adianthoides, Kindbergia praelonga, Scorpidium scorpioides, Calypogeia fissa, Riccardia multifida, Angelica sylvestris, Eupatorium cannabinum, Serratula tinctoria, Succisa pratensis, Drosera rotundifolia, Genista anglica, Hypericum pulchrum, Scutellaria minor, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula lusitanica, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza maculata, Gymnadenia conopsea, Platanthera bifolia, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago maritima, Polygala vulgaris, Anagallis tenella, Potentilla erecta, Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis vinealis, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Chara curta

H6 — Lizard peninsula, Lowland heath

Erica vagans-Ulex europaeus heath

Matches 12 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Pteridium aquilinum, Teucrium scorodonia, Ulex gallii

Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Erica vagans, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Prunus spinosa, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Schoenus nigricans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Trichostomum brachydontium, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Daucus carota, Pimpinella saxifraga, Hypochaeris radicata, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Serratula tinctoria, Solidago virgaurea, Jasione montana, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Centaurium erythraea, Geranium sanguineum, Hypericum humifusum, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygala vulgaris, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium verum, Viola lactea, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis vinealis, Aira caryophyllea, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta

M14 — Lowland dry heath, Upland wet heath

Schoenus nigricans-Narthecium ossifragum mire

Matches 11 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Drosera rotundifolia, Eleocharis multicaulis, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus acutiflorus, Molinia caerulea, Pinguicula lusitanica, Potentilla erecta, Rhynchospora alba, Ulex gallii

Pinus sylvestris, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Ulex gallii, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Rhynchospora alba, Schoenus nigricans, Eleocharis multicaulis, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus bulbosus, Ctenidium molluscum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Kurzia pauciflora, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Aneura pinguis, Riccardia multifida, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Pinguicula lusitanica, Narthecium ossifragum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Anagallis tenella, Potentilla erecta, Molinia caerulea

M19 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire

Matches 11 species from the description above: Blechnum spicant, Calluna vulgaris, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Galium saxatile, Huperzia selago, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Betula nana, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Vaccinium microcarpum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex nigra, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Cornus suecica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Neottia cordata, Potentilla erecta, Rubus chamaemorus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant

H11 — Lowland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Carex arenaria heath

Matches 10 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Festuca ovina, Galium saxatile, Potentilla erecta, Ulex gallii, Vaccinium myrtillus

Salix repens, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex gallii, Rosa spinosissima, Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus introflexus, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Lophocolea bidentata, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia rangiformis, Cladonia subcervicornis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Peltigera canina, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Teesdalia nudicaulis, Campanula rotundifolia, Jasione montana, Cerastium fontanum, Sedum anglicum, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Poa pratensis

H2 — Lowland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Ulex minor heath

Matches 10 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Pteridium aquilinum, Ulex gallii, Vaccinium myrtillus

Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Ulex minor, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum jutlandicum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Kurzia spp., Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cuscuta epithymum, Genista anglica, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Agrostis canina, Agrostis curtisii, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Pteridium aquilinum

H7 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Scilla verna heath

Matches 10 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Succisa pratensis

Salix repens, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Erica vagans, Juniperus communis, Ulex europaeus, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex serotina, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Hypnum cupressiforme, Frullania tamarisci, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia rangiformis, Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Hypochaeris radicata, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Jasione montana, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Silene uniflora, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Genista pilosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Chara curta

W25 — Bracken scrub

Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub

Matches 9 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Digitalis purpurea, Dryopteris filix-mas, Festuca rubra, Galium saxatile, Potentilla erecta, Pteridium aquilinum, Teucrium scorodonia

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas

H1 — Lowland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Festuca ovina heath

Matches 8 species from the description above: Agrostis capillaris, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Festuca ovina, Galium saxatile, Pteridium aquilinum, Teucrium scorodonia

Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Ulex europaeus, Carex arenaria, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coniocraea, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia macilenta, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Teucrium scorodonia, Rumex acetosella, Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Pteridium aquilinum

M18 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Erica tetralix-Sphagnum papillosum raised and blanket mire

Matches 8 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Molinia caerulea, Rhynchospora alba, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephalozia connivens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Narthecium ossifragum, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea

M1 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Sphagnum auriculatum bog pool community

Matches 7 species from the description above: Drosera rotundifolia, Eleocharis multicaulis, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Molinia caerulea, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Rhynchospora alba

Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex limosa, Eriophorum angustifolium, Rhynchospora alba, Rhynchospora fusca, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis multicaulis, Juncus bulbosus, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Scheuchzeria palustris, Molinia caerulea

M2 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Sphagnum cuspidatum/recurvum bog pool community

Matches 7 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Molinia caerulea, Rhynchospora alba, Vaccinium oxycoccos

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Carex canescens, Carex magellanica, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum tenellum, Cephalozia connivens, Cephalozia lunulifolia, Gymnocolea inflata, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea

H3 — Lowland dry heath, Lowland wet heath

Ulex minor-Agrostis curtisii heath

Matches 6 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Pteridium aquilinum

Quercus robur, Calluna vulgaris, Erica ciliaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Ulex europaeus, Ulex minor, Carex pilulifera, Schoenus nigricans, Campylopus brevipilus, Campylopus flexuosus, Leucobryum glaucum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Kurzia spp., Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Cuscuta epithymum, Hypericum pulchrum, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Viola lactea, Agrostis curtisii, Danthonia decumbens, Molinia caerulea, Pteridium aquilinum, Zygogonium ericetorum

M20 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Eriophorum vaginatum blanket and raised mire

Matches 4 species from the description above: Calluna vulgaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Festuca ovina, Vaccinium myrtillus

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella hampeana, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia taylorii, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina

M3 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Eriophorum angustifolium bog pool community

Matches 4 species from the description above: Drosera rotundifolia, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Molinia caerulea

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Campylopus brevipilus, Drepanocladus fluitans, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum papillosum, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera rotundifolia, Agrostis canina, Molinia caerulea