Mappp.co geology and wildlife sites

Merthen Wood

…height of 10-12 metres. The understorey is locally dense and dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium or hazel Corylus avellana. Species of particular note include wild service Sorbus torminalis, a species which is very local in Cornwall, alder buckthorn Frangula alnus a species uncomm…

Coed Dolgarrog

…ny birch Betula pubescens, Wych elm Ulmus glabra, Ash Fraxinus excelsior, Holly Ilex aquifolium and crab apple Malus sylvestris. Non-native tree species include Beech Fagus sylvatica, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris. The shrub layer consisting of haze…

Sloughan and Willmount Glens

…nd more sparingly rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer is very rich where conditions are favourable, comprised of ferns such as broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata, hard fern Blechnum spicant and to a lesser extent hay-…

Coedydd Dyffryn Wnion

…e species in North Wales, is locally dominant. rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are also common tree species, mainly occurring as scattered individuals. Ash Fraxinus excelsior, can be frequent, but is restricted to areas of woodland with less acidic soils. Alder A…

Big Dog Scarps and Lakes

…la pubescens, willows Salix spp., as well as some hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and occasional sessile oak Quercus petraea. The ground flora is very similar in composition to that of the dry heath. The shallower more uniform dip slopes are poorly drained allowing …

Lyscombe and Highdon

…ckthorn Prunus spinosa, privet Ligustrum vulgare and an unusual amount of holly Ilex aquifolium. The woodland is mostly ash Fraxinus excelsior with hazel Corylus avellana and small amounts of oak Quercus robur and field maple Acer campestre. It has a varied ground flora including…

Dundonnell Woods

…well wooded with birch, rowan, willow Salix sp, aspen Populus tremula and holly Ilex aquifolium. Birch and alder Alnus glutinosa cling to the gorge sides along the Dundonnell River. In the central part of the SSSI the Dundonnell River plunges into a deep gorge 500m upstream of th…

Ganllwyd

…a pubescens, which in places becomes dominant. rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are also common tree species, mainly occurring as scattered individuals. Ash Fraxinus excelsior can be frequent, particularly in areas of woodland with less acidic soils. Mature and yo…

Lurgan River Wood

… dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. is the main component of the field layer, with ferns such as scaly male-fern Dryopteris affinis, male fern Dryopteris filix-mas, broad buckler fern Dryop…

Creuddyn

… example, larch Larix spp., Corsican pine Pinus nigra and evergreen oak Quercus ilex, occur scattered in the woodland reflecting past plantings and bird-sown seedlings. Appropriate woodland management is gradually eradicating these species. The woodland understorey and shrub laye…

Epping Forest

…in the vicinity of beech pollards. The understorey frequently consists of holly Ilex aquifolium; hazel Corylus avellana is rare. Dead and rotting wood in the old pollards, particularly those which are still standing, is of considerable value to many invertebrates and in particula…

Longleat Woods

… Betula pendula, downy birch Betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium all occur in the lower canopy or shrub layer. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum is locally dominant in the ground flora which also includes creeping soft grass and honeysuckle. In some of th…

Fulsby Wood

…e found in association with birch Betula spp., rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. Abundant bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, ramsons Allium ursinum and lily of the valley Convallaria majalis are a feature of the herb layer. Dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis is a…

Moss Valley Meadows

…ore have been planted. The understorey of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium has regenerating ash, oak and hawthorn beneath. The site has a wide range of insects with an abundance of common butterflies, including common blue Polymmatus icarus. Two rare hoverfl…

Colyers Hanger

…field maple Acer campestre, with a shrub layer of hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and elder Sambucus nigra. In addition yew Taxus baccata and beech Fagus sylvatica are present at the eastern end of the wood, whilst wych elm Ulmus glabra and English elm U. procera oc…

Strid Wood

…tillus, wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa and several species of fern. Holly Ilex aquifolium, birch Betula pubescens and hazel Corylus avellana are also present as well as a number of both self sown and planted beech and sycamore. There are occasional flushes where the limesto…

Quants

…any other species are also present including hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground flora is variable and is usually dominated by bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta or …

Burton Bushes

…wych elm Ulmus glabra. The understorey is well developed and dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium. As a result of cattle grazing, the woodland floor has in recent years become either grass dominated or largely bare, but there are remnants of its rich herb flora with wood anemone An…

Quarry Wood

… Scots pine Pinus sylvestris with a locally well-developed shrub layer of holly Ilex aquifolium and juniper Juniperus communis. The field layer of much of the woodland reflects the strongly acidic sandy soils. Ling heather Calluna vulgaris and blaeberry Vaccinium myrtillus are do…

Tripsdale

…s petraea, with common birch Betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bilberry, heather, bracken, hard fern Blechnum spicant, male fern Dryopteris filix-mas, lady fern Athyrium filix-femina and mountain fern Oreopteris limbosperma are present under the …

Coedydd ac Ogofau Elwy a Meirchion

…minant, is a rich mixture of species such as hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, spindle Euonymus europaeus, privet Ligustrum vulgare, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and on the especially thin, basic soils, the uncommon spurge laurel Daphne laureola. Yew Taxus baccata a…

Brignall Banks

…and block scree, mature sessile oak woodland occurs with a shrub layer of hazel Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum over a ground flora of great wood rush Luzula sylvatica, wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosel…

Brent Eleigh Woods

…e Tilia cordata, field maple Acer campestre, wild cherry Prunus avium and holly Ilex aquifolium. Shrub species include spindle Euonymus europaeus and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. The ground flora is dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus with dog's mercury scattered throughout and …

Bentley Park Wood

…s thinly distributed throughout. The understorey consists of a scatter at holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia occasional alder buckthorn Frangula alnus and localised patches of hazel Corylus avellana. The ground flora is dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bram…

Broxhead and Kingsley Commons

…flora dominated by soft grass Holcus mollis and bramble Rubus fruticosus. Holly Ilex aquifolium, sallow Salix cinere and suckering English elm Ulmus procera are all common components of the woodland shrub layer. The bird fauna of the SSSI includes breeding populations of three im…

Lower Woods

…r shrubs, including goat willow Salix caprea, field maple Acer campestre, holly Ilex aquifolium, midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, with silver birch Betula pendula on the more acid soils and dogwood Cornus sanguinea, spindle Euonymus europaeus,…

Postlebury Wood

…cluding maple Acer campestre, hornbeam Carpinus betulus, birch Betula sp, holly Ilex aquifolium, aspen Populus tremula and sallow Salix sp, with dogwood Cornus sanguinea, spindle Euonymus europaeus and guelder rose Viburnum opulus on the more base rich soils. The ground flora is …

Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay

…sentation at Dungeness. Lydd Ranges supports the only known example of a “holly Ilex aquifolium wood” on shingle. Around the landward edge of the shingle beaches such as at the northern end of Lydd Ranges there are relict areas of sandy shingle which probably represent old dune s…

Tilliefoure Wood

…ur, are mature and well spaced. The shrub layer is not well developed but holly Ilex aquifolium is widely scattered and hazel Corylus avellana is locally frequent on the lower slopes. The field layer is generally dominated by creeping soft grass Holcus mollis with widespread wood…

Leasam Heronry Wood

…lus avellana and hornbeam Carpinus betulus form the main tree canopy with holly Ilex aquifolium forming the shrub layer beneath. The ground flora is rather poor and dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus, dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis and nettles Urtica dioica although the lo…

Rostrevor Wood

…um. The shrub layer is composed of hazel Corylus avellana with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer is dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus agg., which is generally accompanied by bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenllm and ferns such as bro…

Watersmeet

…dant on the deep soil. hazel Corylus avellana, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium occur in varying amounts in the understorey and ash Fraxinus excelsior occurs on mid-slope we flush area. On the lowest slopes and in the valley bottoms the soil is richer and the wat…

Mid Cornwall Moors

…ndaries in places and is dominated by pedunculate oak Quercus robur, with holly Ilex aquifolium and coppiced hazel Corylus avellana, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, ivy Hedera helix, bramble Rubus fruticosus and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. Wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, blue…

Bride Stones

…ral is dominated by birch and rowan with some oak, aspen Populus tremula, holly Ilex aquifolium and alder Alnus glutinosa. Ferns and bryophytes feature in the ground flora and opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium occurs on wet ledges and flushes. Other …

Glenariff Glen

… wych elm trees Ulmus glabra and non-native sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia occur in the shrub layer. The woodland ground flora is often dominated by stands of ramsons Allium ursinum, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, wood sorrel O…

Sherrardspark Wood

…nd. The shrub layer is dominated by honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and holly Ilex aquifolium with some rowan Sorbus aucuparia and sweet chestnut Castanea sativa, the latter under taller oaks. Typically for woodland of this type on acid soils the ground flora is sparse and domi…

Asham Wood

…iburnum lantana, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and spindle Euonymus europaeus. Holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, crab apple Malus sylvestris and blackthorn Prunus spinosa are less common. rowan Sorbus aucuparia is restricted to areas with more acid soils. The princi…

Bull Cross, The Frith and Juniper Hill

…and occasional whitebeam Sorbus aria. The shrub layer consists largely of holly Ilex aquifolium with some yew Taxus baccata, hazel Corylus avellana and regenerating beech and ash. Bramble Rubus fruticosus and sweet woodruff Galium odoratum are common and the diverse field layer a…

Smithcombe, Sharpenhoe and Sundon Hills

… in the beech high forest over a shrub layer of privet Ligustrum vulgare, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn. Locally dominant on the woodland floor are primrose Primula vulgaris, sanicle Sanicula europaea, ploughman’s spikenard Inula conyza and wall lettuce Mycelis muralis. Othe…

The Hudnalls

…celsior, small leaved lime Tilia cordata and silver birch Betula pendula. Holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana dominate the shrub layer while the forest floor supports abundant bramble Rubus fruticosus, ivy Hedera helix, great wood rush Luzula sylvatica and ferns egma…

Coed Aberedw

…richest soils support a dense understorey of hazel, ash saplings and some holly Ilex aquifolium over a ground flora dominated by bramble and bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta. On the deeper, more acidic soils of the shady north-facing slopes the shrub layer includes downy birch …

Troy Wood

…irch Betula spp., rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum with wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa dominates large areas of the ground flora but elsewhere a mosaic of communities is associated with wide rides and…

Coed Elernion

…rylus avellana understorey, although both hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium are additionally present. The ground flora contains sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa, creeping cow-wheat Melampyrum pratense, ivy Hedera h…

Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey

…pestre on the woodland edge. The chestnut stools are exceptionally large. Holly Ilex aquifolium and butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus occur near the margins. Copperas Wood, whose seaward boundary is an eroding wooded cliff, contains in addition an area of cherry Prunus avium and …

Coedydd Beddgelert a Cheunant Aberglaslyn

…e species in North Wales, is locally dominant. rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are also common tree species, mainly occurring as scattered individuals. Ash and sycamore are occasionally present, being restricted to areas of woodland with less acidic soils. The sh…

Craig Adwy-wynt a Choed Eyarth House a Chîl-y-groeslwyd

…nant, has a rich diversity of species that includes hawthorn, blackthorn, holly Ilex aquifolium, spindle Euonymus europaeus, field maple Acer campestre, guelder-rose Viburnum opulus, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and wild privet Ligustrum vulgare. Yew occurs frequently as a small tree…

Cam Loch

…is dominated by downy birch Betula pubescens with rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and species of willow including goat willow Salix caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and eared willow Salix aurita. Some of the smaller islands support alder Alnus glutinosa, bird cherr…

Dingle Wood

…m, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and wych elm Ulmus glabra over a shrub layer of holly Ilex aquifolium, yew Taxus baccata, field maple Acer campestre, hazel Corylus avellana and other species. The field layer in the eastern part of the site is dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus, blue…

Scar End Wood

…termediates, birch Betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and scattered holly Ilex aquifolium make up the canopy. Localised hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, alder Alnus glutinosa, willow Salix atrocinerea and bog myrtle Myrica gale produce a patchy understorey. The ground flora is…

Charterhouse to Eashing

…s excelsior and wild cherry Prunus avium. The sparse scrub layer includes holly Ilex aquifolium, spindle Euonymus europaeus, elder Sambucus nigra and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, with a ground flora consisting largely of dogs mercury Mercurialis perennis and ivy Hedera helix. Som…

Tully Bog

…cots pine Pinus sylvestris woodland, with a well developed understorey of holly Ilex aquifolium, occasionally accompanied by rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Species in the field layer include bramble Rubus fruticosus, broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata, purple moor grass Molinia cae…

Ranters Bank Pastures

…ies rich hedges with ash Fraxinus excelsior, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and small trees, particularly damsons Prunus domestica. A small area of woodland adjoining the brook forms part of the boundary of the northern field, containin…

Chipstead Downs

…me areas whilst rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum is locally abundant and holy Ilex aquifolium is common throughout. The ground flora of Banstead Wood is dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bramble Rubus fruticosus. There are several areas of well developed secondary be…

Gosforth Park

…with alder in damper areas. The shrub layer is poorly developed with some holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna over a ground flora dominated by lady fern Athyrium felix-femina, male fern Dryopteris filix-mas and broad buckler fern Dryopter…

Cranny Falls

…lmus glabra, with an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana and occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. A field layer of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. and ferns cover the slopes over a luxuriant ground flora of herbs and bryophytes. Ferns are widespread and i…

Moor Park

…uercus robur and beech Fagus sylvatica further up, with an understorey of holly Ilex aquifolium and birch. Here the ground flora is sparse with some wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus.

Tilberthwaite Gill

…tula spp., oak Quercus spp., ash Fraxinus excelsior, larch Larix decidua, holly Ilex aquifolium and juniper Juniperus communis. Areas of stabilising quarry spoil are sparsely vegetated with parsley fern Cryptogramma crispa. Crevices and rock faces along the rocky stream edge supp…

Great Yews

…thorn Prunus spinosa are common with frequent spindle Euonymus europaeus, holly Ilex aquifolium and privet Ligustrum vulgare. Few herbaceous plants exist beneath the yews but a number occur under the broadleaved trees and alongside the rides. These include nettle leaved bellflowe…

Largalinny

…a, with scattered hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. A field layer of bilberry Vaccirtium myrtillus, heather Calluna vulgaris, great wood rush Luzula sylvatica and ferns over a calcifuge bryophyte carpet clearly reflects the acidity of …

Lee-on-the Solent to Itchen Estuary

…hrub layer in the oak woodland is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium, with a variable ground flora of bracken Pteridium aquilinum, ivy Hedera helix, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, and, occasionally, climbing corydalis Corydalis claviculata. In the…

Grace Dieu and High Sharpley

…k Q. petraea, silver birch B. verrucosa, downy birch Betula pubescens and holly Ilex aquifolium, over a field layer dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus and bracken Pteridium aquilinum. Locally, base enrichment of the soil results in a change to wych elm Ulmus glabra dominated w…

Oldbury and Seal Chart

…t the site as are shrub and scrub species such as hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and gorse Ulex europaeus. The ground flora reflects the acidic nature of the soils, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus is often dominant in the north of the site, whilst bracken Pteridium aq…

The Mens

…oak Quercus petraea and Quercus robur respectively, beech Fagus sylvatica holly Ilex aquifolium and locally, ash Fraxinus excelsior, birches Betula spp. and wild service tree Sorbus torminalis. Beech dominates the lighter soils over an understorey of holly and yew Taxus baccata. …

Bovey Valley Woodlands

…ds system. There are also areas of neglected oak coppice which now have a holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia understory. sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus is locally dominant in places and invasive in others. The ground flora varies from a dense cover of bracken Pteridi…

Dymock Woods

… dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. The woodland along the streams is dominated by sessile oak and, locally, by alder Alnus glutinosa. small leaved lime Tilia cordata and ash Fraxinus excelsior are present in these area…

Blackslee

…tula pubescens woodland along the stream. The shrub layer is dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana, with occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The field layer is sparse with scattered ferns, including soft shield fern Polystich…

Gwynfynydd

…a pubescens, which in places becomes dominant. rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are also common tree species, mainly occurring as scattered individuals. Ash Fraxinus excelsior can be frequent, particularly in areas of woodland with less acidic soils often close to…

Bookham Commons

…irch Betula pubescens, field maple Acer campestre, beech Fagus sylvatica, holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana. The field layer of these mature woods includes bramble Rubus fruticosus, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, bluebell Hyacinthoides …

Lydford Gorge

…th an understorey which is comprised mainly of hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium. The woodland canopy is generally open and an extremely diverse ground flora has developed. This includes wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, woodruff Galium odoratum, bluebell Hyacinthoide…

Shaugh Prior Woods

…he banksides. The understorey is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna being locally abundant; alder Buckthorn Frangula alnus is scattered throughout the woods. The ground flora, which is heavily gr…

Malpas Estuary

…m estuarine to woodland communities. Within the wood is an understorey of holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana. The ground flora is typically dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus agg., honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and, where slopes permit an increase in soil-dep…

Minwear Wood

…ich reaches 18 metres in height. There is a well developed understorey of holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and some hazel. Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, heather Calluna vulgaris and brambles Rubus spp, dominate the field-layer. More recently coppiced areas have much …

Moel Hiraddug a Bryn Gop

…kthorn Prunus spinosa with burnet rose Rosa spinosissima and occasionally holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata, occurs together with dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, wild madder Rubia peregrina and lesser meadow-rue and other species characteristic of the calcicolous gr…

Dyffrynoedd Nedd a Mellte a Moel Penderyn

…birch in places. The shrub layer is sparse, with only scattered hazel and holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer is a carpet of wavy hair-grass with few other species present, although bracken occurs in places. Mosses are sometimes quite prominent in scattered tufts, especially P…

Halstock Wood

… banks. hazel Corylus avellana dominates the understorey, with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and guelder-rose Viburnum opulus. The woodland floor shows a diverse ground flora including bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, pignut Conopodium majus, …

Pwll-y-wrach

…uch as hazel, common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. Small herbs, including yellow pimpernel Lysimachia nemorum, opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella…

Hembury Woods

…so present. The understorey comprises mainly common gorse Ulex europaeus, holly Ilex aquifolium and locally, hazel Corylus avellana, with a vigorous development of woody climbers and ramblers, notably ivy Hedera helix, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and bramble Rubus fruticosu…

The Wild Grounds

… The shrub layer is confined to scattered hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium and the ground flora is dominated by bracken Pteridium, butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus and wood spurge Euphorbia amygdaloides. The epiphytic lichen flora is poor. The reserve includ…

Vann Lake and Ockley Woods

…he shrub layer frequently includes hazel Corylus avellana, occurring with holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata and spindle Euonymus europaeus. Around the edge of Vann Lake and within the gill there are stands of alder Alnus glut…

Parham Park

…k Wood has retained an open canopied mature oak high forest with abundant holly Ilex aquifolium. The oaks here and in the southern half of the site carry an extremely rich lichen flora. Among the 165 recorded species is Thelopsis rubella, here in its only known locality east of t…

Loch Glencoul

…pulus tremula and hazel Corylus avellana with some wych elm Ulmus glabra, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea. Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and dog rose Rosa canina are well established throughout the woodland. Because of this unusually diverse understory, thi…

Nance Wood

…drush Luzula sylvatica on steeper slopes. The shrub layer is composed of holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The southern arm of Nance Wood supports an area of ash-oak-sycamore coppice, with some hawthorn, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and…

Moccas Park

… rowan Sorbus aucuparia with a shrub layer of field maple Acer campestre, holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and crab apple Malus sylvestris. The ground flora is dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum. The Lawn Pool has gradually sil…

Park Wood

…gonium gracile are of particular note. hazel Corylus avellana coppice and holly Ilex aquifolium are abundant in the shrub layer. Additional shrub species include rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and occasional yew Taxus baccata. The h…

Ryton Wood

…onogyna, midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground flora is dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum particularly in the more open areas associated with silver birch. Bluebells Hyacinthoides non-s…

Wimbledon Common

… sylvatica, hornbeam Carpinus betulus and aspen Populus tremula in parts. Holly Ilex aquifolium is the dominant understorey species. hazel Corylus avellana and alder buckthorn Frangula alnus, a species with a restricted distribution in London, also occur. Where sufficient light p…

Wimboldsley Wood

…x cinerea. Elsewhere hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and guelder rose Viburnum opulus occur with occasional spindle Euonymus europaeus. Between the pools and the tops of the slopes the ground flora is rich and varied and includes species…

Muckton Wood

…dards. A well developed shrub layer includes hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. Wood margins have abundant field maple Acer campestre with aspen Populus tremula. Brambles, Rubus spp. dominate part of the ground flora but do not exclu…

Levin Down

…mainly of juniper Juniperus communis, together with yew Taxus baccata and holly Ilex aquifolium. The juniper colony here is one of the largest in Sussex and supports a number of juniper –specific insects, including the shield bug Cyphostethus tristriatus and the seed chalcid Mega…

West Dorset Coast

…h Betula pubescens, an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana and abundant holly Ilex aquifolium. Fauna The landslips, seepages and other cliff features provide varied conditions which support a diverse insect fauna particularly rich in rare species. The warm, south-facing cliff s…

Ben Hope

…and, with occasional hazel Corylus avellana, bird cherry Prunus padus and holly Ilex aquifolium in the upper parts of the woodland, and a few trees of the nationally scarce rock whitebeam Sorbus rupicola. There is a diverse woodland field layer including bluebell Hyacinthoides no…

Churnet Valley

…iclymenum is a frequent climber. In the mosaic of birch and oak woodland, holly Ilex aquifolium often dominates the shrub layer whilst bramble Rubus fruticosus is abundant in the ground flora, with frequent bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus; bracken Pteridium aquilinum occurs in more …

Alderton Hill Quarry

…inus excelsior, pedunculate oak Quercus robur, English elm Ulmus procera, holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana and spindle Euonymus europaeus. The invertebrate fauna includes common blue butterfly Polyommatus icarus.

Duncton to Bignor Escarpment

…minates with ash Fraxinus excelsior and less commonly, yew Taxus baccata, holly Ilex aquifolium and pedunculate oak Quercus robur. In peripheral and disturbed areas silver birch Betula pendula, field maple Acer campestre, hazel Corylus avellana and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus ar…

Pentregwyn

…or, with an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, alder Alnus glutinosa, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The field layer is varied, reflecting the base status and drainage of the soil, and is characterised by species such as betony, wood-sorrel Oxalis acetosell…

Pulham Market Big Wood

…er Alnus glutinosa, downy birch betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and alder buckthorn Frangula alnus. Coppiced species in other parts of the wood include hornbeam Carpinus betulus, hazel Corylus avellana, ash Fraxinus excelsior, maple Acer campestre …

Woolmer Forest

…lassic growth form created by pollarding. The shrub layer is dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium, whitebeam Sorbus aria, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and birches Betula pendula and Betula pubescens. Like the shrub layer, the ground flora contains an abundance of grazing tolerant species…

Carreg Cennan

… shrubs including hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. This contrasts strongly with the oakwood of Coed y Castell on sandstones to the east. This wood has a sparse shrub layer developed over extensive stands of bracken Pteridium aquilinum…

Chwarel Cambrian / Cambrian Quarry, Gwernymynydd

…alix spp. in the canopy, with shrubs such as hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia in the understorey. Parts of the woodlands have been planted or replanted and now support beech Fagus sylvatica, pine Pinus sp…

Marble Quarry and Hale Fell

…quent sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium, wych elm Ulmus glabra, silver birch Betula pendula and sessile oak Quercus petraea. Where the clints are large and grikes few the character of the pavement remains open, but to the so…

Hack Fall Wood

…s petraea and silver birch Betula pendula with rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora is typical of this community with great wood rush Luzula sylvatica, wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, heather Calluna vulgaris, hard…

Black Firs & Cranberry Bog

…ylus avellana, alder buckthorn Frangula alnus, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora consists mainly of bramble Rubus fruticosus, bracken Pteridium aquilinum and ferns Dryopteris spp. Old drainage ditches provide refuges for wetland plants such as roy…

Bodkin Hazel Wood

…a, spindle Euonymus europaeus, yew Taxus baccata, cherry Prunus avium and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora is notably diverse. Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis carpets the woodland, together with primrose Primula vulgaris, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, wood anemone…

Bream Wood

… oak Quercus robur and ash with an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana. Holly Ilex aquifolium is also present and the ground flora is dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus. Small areas of conifer plantations are present on the eastern side of the valley. A small pond in the ext…

Bulmoor Pastures & Coppice

…ainly of hazel Corylus avellana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, but with holly Ilex aquifolium, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, goat willow Salix caprea and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum also present. The ground flora is particularly diverse, and contains 26 species indicative of…

Combe Bottom

… Quercus robur and wych elm Ulmus glabra. The sparse shrub layer includes holly Ilex aquifolium and privet Ligustrum vulgare. The ground flora varies with the amount of shade and includes ivy Hedera helix, dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, giant fescue Schedonorus giganteus, wh…

Lynher Estuary

…k and Wacker are dominated by coppiced sessile oak Quercus petraea over a holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana understorey with frequent bramble Rubus fruticosus. The ground flora on these acidic soils consists largely of great wood-rush Luzula sylvatica with bluebell…

Whippendell Wood

… hornbeam Carpinus betulus present elsewhere. Other scrub species include holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and wild cherry Prunus avium with occasional spindle Euonymus europaeus. The ground flora is typical of such conditions and is do…

One Tree Hill and Bitchet Common

…iva. Other tree and shrub species present include hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, yew Taxus baccata, whitebeam Sorbus aria and rowan S. aucaparia. The ground flora is dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. whilst other species su…

Heron and Carrigullian Loughs

…h Fraxinus excelsior and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. elder Sambucus nigra and holly Ilex aquifolium occur in the shrub layer, with bramble Rubus fruticosus and ferns in the field layer. The ground layer is dominated by ivy Hedera helix and herb Robert Geranium robertianum. Where the …

Sea Wood

…re a variety of other species present including privet Ligustrum vulgare, holly Ilex aquifolium, goat willow Salix caprea and spindle Euonymus europaeus. Wych elm Ulmus glabra becomes common towards the north and west of the wood, forming mixed stands of ash, sessile oak, hairy b…

Old Copse, Beenham

…The shrub layer is dominated by hazel with some goat willow Salix caprea, holly Ilex aquifolium guelder, rose Viburnum opulus and occasional elder Sambucus nigra and dogwood Cornus sanguinea. The ground flora is rich and varied and includes several species indicative of ancient w…

Osebury Rock

…inly dominated by hazel Corylus avellana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Holly Ilex aquifolium and a few small trees of yew Taxus baccata occur on the cliffs. The ground flora varies with the transition from dry acidic conditions on the rocks and upper slopes to a more base rich…

Pads Wood

… Quercus robur and ash Fraxinus excelsior. Field maple Acer campestre and holly Ilex aquifolium are also present. The field layer is dominated by dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, ground ivy Glechoma hederacea, enchanter’s nightshade Circaea lutetiana, bluebell Hyacinthoides no…

Spye Park

…monogyna, privet Ligustrum vulgare, elder Sambucus nigra and occasionally holly Ilex aquifolium. The generally open canopy and water logged soils give rise to a diverse ground flora where greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata is prominent. Other widespread species are pendulous …

Coed Allt Lan-las

… Quercus Petraea with a good shrub understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Towards its eastern extremity, due to the heavier clay soil, the woodland is rather more mixed, with ash Fraxinus e…

Coed Ffordd-Las

…woodland has a good structural diversity with a shrub layer consisting of holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hazel Corylus avellana. A number of dead elms are the result of dutch elm disease. Many trees have climbers such as ivy Hedera helix and honeysuckle Lonicer…

Coed Tyddyn-du

…rch woodland, but a very rare plant in west Wales, is abundant. hazel and holly Ilex aquifolium are becoming abundant in the shrub layer of the older woodland areas. These areas contain a rich flora of sanicle Sanicula europaea, broad-leaved helleborine Epipactis helleborine, twa…

Felbrigg Woods

…invaded parkland just north of Felbrigg Hall with hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, elder Sambucus nigra and sallow Salix caprea. Many of the rides are narrow but they support occasional wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella and yellow pimpernel Lysimachia nemorum. Acidic gr…

Quoile

…ies such as sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. Holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and hazel Corylus avellana often form a well-developed shrub layer below. The ground flora consists of a wide variety of species including bluebell Hyacint…

Mapperton and Poorton Vales

… Salix cinerea and alder carr in wetter places. Aspen Populus tremula and holly Ilex aquifolium occur locally. Characteristic herbs are wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, ramsons Allium ursinum, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, wood spurge Euphorbia amygdaloides and yellow archang…

Redlake Meadows & Hoggs Moor

…ad-leaved woodland with mature sessile oak Quercus petraea, silver birch, holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana with small amounts of ash Fraxinus excelsior and beech Fagus sylvatica. Ground flora includes bramble, hard fern Blechnum spicant, broad buckler-fern Dryopte…

Arnecliff and Park Hole Woods

… The woodland community includes upland oak woodland on acidic soils with holly Ilex aquifolium, hard fern Blechnum spicant and a species rich fern community. Of particular interest is a large population of the Killarney Fern Trichomanes speciosum, an internationally rare species…

Chiddingfold Forest

…azel Corylus avellana forming the bulk of the shrub layer with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Silver birch Betula pendula is found in dryer areas. The herb layer is composed of such species as bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, enchanter’s nig…

Clowes Wood & New Fallings Coppice

…bur are present. Understorey species include silver birch Betula pendula, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia with occasional crab apple Malus sylvestris and alder buckthorn Frangula alnus. hazel Corylus avellana is present in parts of the wood. The ground flora is s…

Tring Woodlands

…eas of standard ash Fraxinus excelsior and pedunculate oak Quercus robur. Holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata comprise the sparse shrub layer on upper slopes, though lower down there is more variety with dogwood Cornus sanguinea, field maple Acer campestre, wayfaring tree…

Rock Wood

…the eastern edge of this type beyond which oak is the dominant tree, with holly Ilex aquifolium and coppiced birch Betula spp. and hazel. In the south east beech Fagus sylvatica is co-dominant with oak. Ash Fraxinus excelsior is also present, while coppiced alder woodland occurs …

Wytham Woods

…edunculate oak hazel ash. Underwood species present in the old copses are holly Ilex aquifolium, crab apple Malus sylvestris, spindle Euonymus europaeus, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and two species of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laev…

Ithon Valley Woodlands

…th abundant hazel Corylus avellana throughout, and other shrubs including holly Ilex aquifolium on the drier areas and guelder-rose Sorbus aucuparia on the lower slopes. Other tree and shrub species include rowan Sorbus aucuparia, birch Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, goat w…

Pinkney and Gerrick Woods

…The shrub layer is well developed, including hazel Corylus avellana, with holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna as well as sparsly distributed blackthorn Prunus spinosa and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. The ground flora comprises an intricate mosaic of plant commu…

River Camel Valley and Tributaries

…rsinum. Beech Fagus sylvatica is also common. Understorey species include holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Fringing areas to the woods support blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, bramble and bracken characterised vegeta…

Foxley Wood

… the wood as oak high forest stands with downy birch Betula pubescens and holly Ilex aquifolium. The associated ground flora is characteristically calcifuge in nature with bracken Pteridium aquilinum dominant and other species including purple moor grass Molinia caerulea, trailin…

Hale Moss

…re woodland of sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, silver birch Betula pendula, holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata. The woodland ground flora is herb rich and uncommon plants present are black bryony Tamus communis and common twayblade Neottia ovata. The eastern woodland is a…

Swineholes Wood and Black Heath

…d the county rarity common cow wheat Melampyrum pratense. The presence of holly Ilex aquifolium thickets, a stream and small pools adds to the floristic diversity. The site supports several species of uncommon moths of moorland affinity including the nationally restricted golden …

Owenkillew River

…ith a shrub layer of hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Ferns and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. are common over a ground cover of greater wood rush Luzula sylvatica, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and wood so…

Ellers Wood and Sand Dale

…camore Acer pseudoplatanus with an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The base rich ground flora in the drier areas contains dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, sanicle Sanicula europaea, pr…

Breen Wood

…he shrub layer throughout is composed of rowan Sorbus aucuparia with some holly Ilex aquifolium. The main component of the field layer here is bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, which is generally accompanied by some bramble Rubus fruticosus agg., honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and…

Kirlish

…downy birch Betula pubescens. The shrub layer is also well-developed with holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and scattered hazel Corylus avellana which increases in abundance up the slope. Around the periphery of the wood and within a small spur to the southwest of the…

Clunton Coppice

…spp. and, locally, hazel Corylus avellana. Other tree species present are holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground flora consists of species which are characteristic of acidic soils, such as wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, creeping soft grass Holcus moll…

Dunaree Hill

… occasional hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer is poorly developed, with only scattered ferns, including soft shield fern Polystichum setiferum, hard fern Blechnum spicant, broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata an…

Carn a' Mhadaidh

… a fairly open canopy together with rowan Sorbus aucuparia and occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and aspen Populus tremula. Well-developed birch and rowan woodland with scattered hazel, holly and aspen is also found on the ledges to the south of the main block scree. The ground fl…

Highclere Park

…pedunculate oak Quercus robur. The understorey is confined to low density holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and invasive rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum. Elsewhere, especially north east of Milford Lake and in Duns Wood, ash Fraxinus excelsior has regenerated to pr…

Forest Banks

…ssile oak Quercus petraea with scattered mature chestnut Castanea sativa. Holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia are frequent in the understorey. The species poor ground vegetation which has been grazed in the past is largely composed of bracken Pteridium aquilinum, cre…

Yarner Wood & Trendlebere Down

…lver birch Betula pendula is common and the understorey contains abundant holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and ivy Hedera helix occur abundantly, while the ground vegetation is characterised by the dominance of bilberry Vaccinium…

Inverpolly

…wan Sorbus aucuparia, alder Alnus glutinosa, bird cherry Prunus padus and holly Ilex aquifolium. Sessile oak Quercus petraea is found in a few areas within the site. The ground flora includes heath bedstraw Galium saxatile, common wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella and mountain fern m…

Fforestganol a Chwm Nofydd

…ur. The understorey is sparse, consisting of bramble Rubus fruticosus and holly Ilex aquifolium and the field layer is dominated by bluebell. Other areas of Coed-y-Wenallt have a tree canopy of of ash, oak and birch Betula pendula with a distinct understorey of hazel, patchy bram…

Beck Hole

…ccurring locally. hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are frequent associates. Bracken is locally abundant. The ground flora of the acidic woodland is dominated by bilberry Vaccinium mytillus with wood rush Luzula sylvatica and wood sorre…

Higher Houghton

…rcus robur woodland much of it old coppice with an understorey containing holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel. Here there is a characteristic acid ground flora including bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and great wood rush Luzula sylvatica and the mosses Polytrichum formosum and Di…

Colony Bog and Bagshot Heath

…hade out the heathland plants forming together with oak Quercus robur and holly Ilex aquifolium, a dense species poor woodland with a ground layer of bramble Rubus fruticosus, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, occasional heath relicts such as bell heather and in one place the Su…

Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Woods North

… developed with dogwood Cornus sanguinea, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium widespread. A diverse ground flora is dominated by dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis and grasses such as wood meadow grass Poa nemoralis and wood millet Milium effusum, yellow archan…

Moss Valley Woods

…la and Betula pubescens in addition to the oak. The understorey is mainly holly Ilex aquifolium with some hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and there is a large block of coppiced hazel Corylus avellana; an important habitat for breeding birds. The ground flora is species rich, many of …

Stawardpeel Woods

… shrub species is hazel Corylus avellana, which is quite dense in places. Holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna are also present. The differing ground flora communities also reflect the varying substrate conditions. Acidic conditions are revealed under oak by heat…

Arundel Park

…oodland forms a dense canopy with an understorey of yew Taxus baccata and holly Ilex aquifolium under which colonies of uncommon plants such as bird's nest orchid Neottia nidus-avis and yellow bird’s nest Hypopitys monotropa can be found. Younger woodland contains ash Fraxinus ex…

Woodham Walter Common

…Fagus sylvatica invading the western side. The understorey is composed of holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and occasional wild service tree Sorbus domestica. The herb layer is dominated by bracken, bramble, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and scattered colonies of …

Blackmore Vale Commons And Moors

…of oak and birch Betula spp. occurs over a sparse understory of hawthorn, holly Ilex aquifolium, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and grey willow Salix cinerea. The ground flora has abundant tufted hair grass and Yorkshire fog, plus wood small reed, wood sedge, broad buckler fern Dryopt…

Lenaghan Wood

…ak Quercus petraea, with downy birch Betula pubescens its main associate. holly Ilex aquifolium forms a continuous shrub layer throughout and is occasionally accompanied by rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Below, the woodland floor is covered by a field layer dominated by bilberry Vaccini…

Alyn Valley Woods and Alyn Gorge Caves

…and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna with occasional wych elm Ulmus glabra and holly Ilex aquifolium. Yew Taxus baccata occurs locally usually at the northern end. Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, ivy Hedera helix and bramble Rubus fruticosus are locally prominent in the field laye…

Shining Cliff Woods

…th downy birch Betula pubescens and silver birch B. pendula together with holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hazel Corylus avellana. The acid soils derived from the Millstone Grit support a species poor ground flora of wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, bilberry…

Bradiford Valley

…aea with ash Fraxinus excelsior as a co-dominant. hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and occasional hawthorn Crataegus monogyna occur in the understorey, with some honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. The ground flora includes primrose Primula vulgaris, wood avens Geum u…

Sampford Spiney

…und throughout. The understorey contains abundant hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and, in wetter areas, sallow Salix cinerea and alder buckthorn Frangula alnus. On the drier slopes the ground flora is character…

Mayhill Wood

…present, such as wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, holly Ilex aquifolium and wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana. The ground flora is sparse in the yew dominated areas, where dense shade prevents plant colonisation. In other areas, a variety of lime loving spec…

Greenscoombe Wood , Luckett

…understorey includes hazel Corylus avellana, silver birch Betula pendula, holly Ilex aquifolium, elder Sambucus nigra, and beech Fagus sylvatica. The ground flora is dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus. The small area of heathy acid grassland in…

Hay Wood and Tinkers' Coppice

…by hazel Corylus avellana and contains a range of other species including holly Ilex aquifolium, dogwood Cornus sanguinea spurge laurel Daphne laureola and alder buckthorn Frangula alnus. Variations in the geology are reflected in the woodland ground flora. On the upper slopes w…

Yewbarrow Woods

…he occasional beech Fagus sylvatica. Yew is scattered throughout and with holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and occasionally hawthorn Crataegus monogyna it forms a partial understorey to the main woodland stands. However, yew is particularly frequent on crags on the u…

Sutton Park

… constant associates, but the most striking feature is the development of holly Ilex aquifolium in the understorey. The oak holly rowan woodland is of national importance since few other areas exist in Britain where holly is so abundant in the understorey. Beech Fagus sylvatica, …

Coedydd De Dyffryn Maentwrog

…e less acidic. The shrub layer is sparse, with hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium. Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum, a non-native and highly invasive species, has been considerably reduced in recent years through concentrated efforts to control it. The field layer…

Anston Stones Wood

…d with this stand type. Dogwood Cornus sanguinea, hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and elder Sambucus nigra are common in the understorey with less frequently buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, spindle Euonymus europaeus and wild privet Ligus…

Bovingdon Hall Woods

…rry Prunus avium is found in Pegtantrams and Shoulder of Mutton Woods and holly Ilex aquifolium is dominant at Mill Hill. The ground flora is dominated by bramble Rubus spp. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum is found in Pegtantrams and part of Blackbirds wood, whilst dog's mercury Merc…

Wyre Forest

… include locally frequent silver birch Betula pendula, yew Taxus baccata, holly Ilex aquifolium and scattered rowan Sorbus aucuparia, wild service tree Sorbus domestica, crab apple Malus sylvestris and wild cherry Prunus avium. The ground flora is dominated by heather Calluna vul…

Lindow Common

…d by birch Betula pendula with scattered oak Quercus robur saplings. Some holly Ilex aquifolium is also present. The ground flora is poor, dominated by Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus and wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Patches of heather and bilberry occur in the more open ar…

Corrieshalloch Gorge

…of native tree species such as birch Betula pubescens, oak Quercus robur, holly Ilex aquifolium and aspen Populus tremula. The steepness of the gorge and its edge has discouraged grazing animals and as a consequence the woodland has a well-developed understorey with a rich and va…

Poor's Allotment

…n the eastern part of the site is unusual in having oak Quercus robur and holly Ilex aquifolium co-dominant. Other species include yew Taxus baccata, field maple Acer campestre and whitebeam Sorbus aria with few shrubs and a fairly sparse ground flora comprising largely ivy Heder…

Crowhill Valley

…d millett Milium effusum. The woody understorey is typically dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium, with rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hazel Corylus avellana. There is a rich epiphyte flora with honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, ivy Hedera helix and polypody Polypodium vulgare. The w…

Cotswold Commons and Beechwoods

…tre and whitebeam Sorbus aria. Characteristic understorey species include holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata but regenerating ash, sycamore and beech often accounts for much of the shrub layer. The field layer consists mainly of bramble Rubus fruticosus, dog's mercury Me…

Ceunant Cynfal

…traea dominated with some birch Betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana, ash Fraxinus excelsior and wych elm Ulmus glabra. A limited amount of European larch Laris decidua and other conifers have been introduced in places and detrac…

Baldersdale Woodlands

… shrub layer comprising hazel Corylus avellana, bird cherry Prunus padus, holly Ilex aquifolium and more rarely crab apple Malus sylvestris. Alder Alnus glutinosa occurs along the river and yew Taxus baccata is found on crags. The ground flora is a rich assemblage of species inc…

River Roe and Tributaries

…sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Shrubs include hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground cover is very variable. Grasses are dominant where grazing is heavy. Where the wood is less disturbed, species include wood sorrel Oxalis acetose…

Nicholaston Wood

…agus sylvatica, with wild cherry Prunus avium and a sparse shrub layer of holly Ilex aquifolium. In these areas, dog’s mercury dominates the field layer along with bramble and hart’s tongue fern. Other species include bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and ivy. Lords-and-ladies A…

Rushford Wood

… layer comprised mainly of hazel Corylus avellana but which also includes holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, crab apple Malus sylvestris and elder Sambucus nigra. The ground vegetation is characterised by the abundance of bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bramble R…

Tempo River

…. The shrub understory component includes hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground cover is very variable. Where the wood is less disturbed, species include wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, meadow sweet Filipendula ulmaria, lesser celandine Ranunculus fica…

Areley Wood

…zel Corylus avellana, wild cherry Prunus avium, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, wild service Sorbus domestica and crab apple Malus sylvestris. Small areas of conifer are present. Along the Gladder Brook valley the woodland is more base ric…

Loynton Moss

…consists of young birch woodland Betula spp. with rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and pedunculate oak Quercus robur. Bramble, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, foxglove Digitalis purpurea, broad buckler fern, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and climbing corydalis Coryd…

Grimscott

…sa. Drier locations support coppiced hazel Corylus avellana and scattered holly Ilex aquifolium.

Hook Wood

…here is a well developed understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, with some holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, field and dog rose Rosa arvensis and R. canina and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. Under this upland hazel-sessile oak woodland the ground flora is lar…

Wenlock Edge

…cherry Prunus avium, crab apple Malus sylvestris, hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, yew Taxus baccata and wild service tree Sorbus torminalis. Mature trees of wych elm are now scarce owing to Dutch elm disease. There is a diverse ground flora in which the most abunda…

Eridge Park

…way to birch Betula pendula and Betula pubescens in association with oak; holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and yew Taxus baccata are also present. The ground flora is richer and includes three nerved sandwort Moehringia trinervia and wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella wit…

Powerstock Common and Wytherston Farm

…. The drier stands have an understorey of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium, and bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta is a frequent vernal species, with occasional bramble Rubus fruticosus, tway blade Neottia ovata and ground ivy Glechoma hederacea. Oceanic spec…

Coed Dinorwig

…h is sometimes patchy, is characterised by mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana. The field communities of heath (notably bell-heather Erica cinerea and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus), greater woodrush Luzula sylvatica and bramble are char…

Ditchling Common

…a small area of mature, dry woodland is of oak, beech Fagus sylvatica and holly Ilex aquifolium. The permanent stream supports a bankside flora of wild angelica Angelica sylvestris and meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria while the pond has peripheral stands of yellow flag Iris pseuda…

Coedydd y Barri / Barry Woodlands

…um vulgare, wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana, wild cherry Prunus avium and holly Ilex aquifolium can also be found. Climbing species such as field-rose Rosa arvensis and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum use these shrubs and trees for support. Where there is a gap in the woodland …

Gallt Llanerch - Coed Gelli-deg

…he streams and there are numerous wet flushes. hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium are frequent in the shrub layer, with occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia, goat willow Salix caprea and spindle Euonymus europaeus. The typical ground flora, with many species indicative…

Ardlair - Letterewe

…elder rose Viburnum opulus, wych elm Ulmus glabra, aspen Populus tremula, holly Ilex aquifolium and sessile oak Quercus petraea. The ground flora here is exceptionally species rich and has abundant false-brome grass Brachypodium sylvaticum. The site supports a diverse mosaic of u…

Scords Wood and Brockhoult Mount

…tillus, wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, heather Calluna vulgaris. A holly Ilex aquifolium understorey is present in places. Away from the plateau, pedunculate oak replaces sessile oak in the canopy and bramble, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenu…

Holt and West Moors Heaths

… The oldest oaks are massive, ancient trees with a history of pollarding. Holly Ilex aquifolium is abundant and birch is widespread. The ground flora is impoverished a reflection of the acidic soils, long history of grazing and heavy shade. Amongst the woodland butterflies recor…

Pipershill Common

…with species such as hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea present. The ground flora also reflects the calcareous nature of the soil with abundant dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis and enchanter’s nightshade Circa…

The Malvern Hills

…layer together with field maple Acer campestre, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The ground flora contains a range of typical woodland species such as wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon and ramson…

Castle Eden Dene

…birch Betula pubescens dominate the canopy, with an understorey of hazel, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia and a ground flora containing tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa, or bracken Pteridium aquilinum. The boulder clay slopes are inherently unstable and la…

Tattershall Carrs

…bescens are abundant with rowan Sorbus aucuparia, ash Fraxinus excelsior, holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana locally common. grey willow Salix cinerea is found in quantity in the wettest are asassociated with a shrub layer which includes the typical alder carr speci…

Holystone North Wood

…tebrates and nesting birds. Birch Betula spp., rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are occasional in the canopy. The field layer is typical of acidic oak woodland on dry, sandy soils, but it has suffered impoverishment as a result of sheep grazing in the past. Bracke…

Tamar - Tavy Estuary

…storey which comprises hazel Corylus avellana, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. The diverse ground flora typically includes ramsons Allium ursinum, woodruff Galium odoratum and wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, all species associated with well established woodland, …

Haggburn Gate

…Corylus avellana with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, willows Salix spp. and holly Ilex aquifolium in the shrub layer. The typical ground flora, including bugle Ajuga reptans, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, wild strawberry Fragaria vesca, violets Viola sp. and yellow pimpernel Lysim…

Eastern Peak District Moors

…es. The sub storey characteristically includes rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium over a ground flora of wavy hair grass and bilberry, which in sheltered conditions often develops into large bushes and at some sites buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata or the locally un…

Garn Wood, Kilkiffeth Wood & Dan-Deri-Cwm Felin-Ban

…tica and hornbeam Carpinus betulus also occur. hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium are important components of the shrub layer. The ground flora exhibits many species which seldom occur away from ancient woodland sites in West Wales, such as woodruff Galium odoratum,…

Upper Lough Erne - Belleisle

…th shrubs such as hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora is very variable, ranging from grass dominated swards, with species like giant fescue Festuca gigantea and false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum, to more typical woodla…

Ambersham Common

… oaks with some beeches Fagus sylvatica dominate in a more open woodland. Holly Ilex aquifolium is also present and the ground flora includes southern wood rush Luzula forsteri and moschatel Adoxa moschatellina as well as a number of ferns and bryophytes which are more commonly f…

Parc Nannau

…oplatanus, with scattered hazel Corylus avellana, birch Betula pubescens, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Alder Alnus glutinosa and wych elm Ulmus glabra also occur. Non-native species such as European larch Larix decidua and beech Fagus sylvatica have bee…

Lough Melvin

…ally ash Fraxinus excelsior. The understorey is fairly dense and includes holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and hazel, with a herb layer of such species as wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, great wood rush Luzula syivatica, bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. and ivy Hede…

Bickerton Hill

…aea, aspen Populus tremula, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, gean Prunus avium and holly Ilex aquifolium are also present. Heather and bilberry are locally dominant in the woodland ground flora with the broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata locally frequent. The site supports several spe…

Ardvar Woodlands

…rowan Sorbus aucuparia, wych elm Ulmus glabra and hazel Corylus avellana. Holly Ilex aquifolium, aspen Populus tremula and sessile oak Quercus petraea occur more locally. The ground flora is characteristically dominated by bents Agrostis spp, and sweet vernal-grass Anthoxanthum o…

Heathfield Park

…atica with both pedunculate and sessile oak Quercus robur and Q. petraea, holly Ilex aquifolium and scattered yew Taxus baccata. In the north and east birch Betula spp. becomes frequent and the stream valleys contain willow Salix spp. and alder Alnus glutinosa. Where beech is den…

Hedgecourt

…corodonia. The more mature stands also contain hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium and also have a richer ground flora. Close to the north west shore of the lake is an area of oak and birch woodland with open heath areas where ling Calluna vulgaris and wavy hair gras…

Coedydd Nanmor

… native species in North Wales occurs locally. rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are also common tree species, mainly occurring as scattered individuals. The shrub layer is mostly sparse comprising hazel Corylus avellana, holly and the occasional hawthorn Crataegus…

Shipley and Great Woods

…inant over a discontinuous shrub layer containing hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, bird cherry Prunus padus and yew Taxus baccata. The ground flora contains a rich association of woodland species characteristic of base rich soils, including ramsons Allium ursinum, w…

Langford Heathfield

…ylus avellana, although field maple Acer campestre is abundant in places. Holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna are scattered throughout, while spindle Euonymus europaeus, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and guelder rose Viburnum opulus are restricted to areas with more …

Devil's Punch Bowl

… Beds contains pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, beech Fag is sylvatica and holly Ilex aquifolium over a sparse ground flora of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa. The woodland in the gorge overlying the Bargate Beds has a canopy of ash Fraxinus …

Glen Ralloch to Baravalla Woods

…undance of oak communities with well developed hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium understory. The transition from oak woodland to alder and then to tidal loch is uncommon nationally, but locally common. The river gorge below Garbh-airde Mhor supports a well zoned ra…

Castle Hill Deer Park and Windy Pits

…us glabra, beech Fagus sylvatica and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, whilst holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia occur on the more acid soils. Alder Alnus glutinosa dominates alongside the River Rye. Past planting has left a varied mix of Scot’s pine Pinus sylvestris, …

Halsdon

…ils sessile oak Quercus robur and hybrid oaks dominate and understorey of holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hazel Corylus avellana. Beech Fagus sylvatica is locally abundant in the canopy. The ground flora consists mainly of greater woodrush Luzula sylvatica with …

Arkengarthdale, Gunnerside and Reeth Moors

…bescens woods, with occasional rowan, hazel, bird cherry Prunus padus and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bird records and sample surveys indicate a nationally important breeding bird assemblage. Areas of tall heather are favoured by breeding merlin and short eared owl, while the moorla…

Ileden and Oxenden Woods

…Corylus avellana occurs throughout the wood, while whitebeam Sorbus aria, holly Ilex aquifolium, wild cherry Prunus avium and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus are locally frequent. Where the canopy is not too dense, the shrub layer is well developed. Species such as wayfaring tree Vi…

Leith Hill

…a, more common in the North and West of Britain, is the dominant species. Holly Ilex aquifolium forms a shrub layer in places over a ground flora of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and common cow wheat Melampyrum pratense. Calcifugous lime hating bryophytes such as Dicranum majus an…

Littlebeck Wood

…e stream. The shrub layer is predominantly of hazel Corylus avellana, but holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and blackthorn Prunus spinosa are also present. The ground flora includes dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, early pur…

Parkhurst Forest

…lis, a rare species of fly. The shrub layer is sparse, being dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium with hazel Corylus avellana and in places gorse Ulex europaeus and grey willow Salix cinerea. The ground flora is also characteristic of old acid grazing woods and includes butcher's b…

Saltburn Gill

…awthorn Crataegus monogyna and blackthorn Prunus spinosa, with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium, gooseberry Ribes uva-crispa, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and spindle Euonymus europaeus. Dense patches of regenerating sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus are also present. The species rich…

Roe Park Woods

… are presently the most prominent species in the canopy. The abundance of holly Ilex aquifolium is a notable feature of this site. It forms a dense impenetrable understorey and in places it is often a component of the canopy. Alder Alnus glutinosa is largely confined to streamsid…

Roman River

…utinosa, ash Fraxinus excelsior and willows Salix spp. along the streams. Holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana form a sparse shrub layer and the herb layer is dominated by brambles Rubus spp. and bracken Pteridium aquilinum with bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, hon…

Marline Valley Woods

…e are present. Active coppicing has generally reduced the shrub layer but holly Ilex aquifolium is locally common and two shrubs associated with ancient woodland are present, butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus and midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata. The ground flora varies with t…

Thrang Wood

… the site, with birch Betula pendula and frequent rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and sessile oak Quercus petraea over limestone pavement. Shrubs present include hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, crab apple Malus sylvestris and spindle Euonymus europaeus. Yew woodland is…

Showground Meadow, Callow Hill

…ies rich hedge occurs with Crataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium.

Braken Hurst

…etula pubescens over an understory of hazel, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, dog rose Rosa canina and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. The field layer largely consists of bramble Rubus fruticosus and bracken Pteridium aquilinum with abundant bluebell Hyacin…

Belah Woods and Pastures

…a with occasional blackthorn Prunus spinosa, bird cherry Prunus padus and holly Ilex aquifolium. Yew Taxus baccata is scattered along the high, inaccessible scars. Wetter areas at the river side support alder Alnus glutinosa and willows Salix spp. The ground flora on the base ri…

Wistman's Wood

…ng on the clitter which forms the woodland floor. rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and eared willow Salix aurita also occur. The ground flora is characterised by areas of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, great woodrush Luzula sylvatica…

Corbylin Wood

… dominated by hazel Corylus avellana. Other shrub species present include holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and in wetter conditions, willow Salix spp. Where it is present, the field layer consists of a mixture of ferns, thickets of brambl…

Coedydd Capel Dyddgen

…nse growths of blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium at the woodland edges; much of the hazel being formerly coppiced. Wild cherry Prunus avium and spindle Euonymus europaeus occur as occasional components of the tree and shrub layers. D…

St. Leonard's Park Ponds

… shrub layer is dominated by rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum, although holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and elder Sambucus nigra also occur. The ground flora consists largely of bramble Rubus fruticosus, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and bracken Pteridium aqui…

Bradfield Woods

…midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata, spindle tree Euonymus europaeus and holly Ilex aquifolium. A number of older, pollard trees are found on the boundary banks. An immensely rich flora has developed under the influence of coppicing. Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis or bramble…

Merriman's Hill Farm Meadows

…thorn Prunus spinosa hedges containing a range of woody species including holly Ilex aquifolium, gorse Ulex europaeus, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and more important, small leaved lime Tilia cordata – an uncommon plant in the county.

Coed Gorswen

…owan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, elder Sambucus nigra, holly Ilex aquifolium, crab apple Malus sylvestris and field maple Acer campestre also occurring. The ground flora is equally rich, five main plant communities having been described. The principal species …

Badby Wood

…ucus nigra and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum occurring frequently and holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia occasionally. In parts of the wood the native community is modified by the presence of sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and sweet chestnut Castanea sativa as ove…

Connah's Quay Ponds and Woodland

… shrub layer typically composed of hazel Corylus avellana with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium, wych elm Ulmus glabra and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The field layer is dominated by ivy Hedera helix, bramble Rubus fruticosus, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, broad buckler fer…

Buckeridge Meadow

…rea of wood pasture which is dominated by sessile oak Quercus petraea and holly Ilex aquifolium. The invertebrate fauna includes meadow brown Maniola jurtina and ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus butterflies.

River Foyle and Tributaries

…sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Shrubs include hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground cover is very variable. Grasses are dominant where grazing is heavy. Where the wood is less disturbed, species include wood sorrel Oxalis acetos…

Llwyn-iarth

…ellana, scattered hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bracken is frequent on the well-drained areas. Remarks: The site is within Snowdonia National Park The following Biodiversity Action Plan species are likely to occur on Llwyn-iarth; …

The Wern, Rhosgoch

…lopes, an ash-field maple Acer campestre canopy has developed with hazel, holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and bird cherry Prunus padus in the shrub layer and bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, wood avens Geum urbanum, yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon an…

Dallington Forest

… north beech Fagus sylvatica and pedunculate oak Quercus robur occur with holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana, hornbeam Carpinus betulus, birch Betula pendula and the occasional yew Taxus baccata above a heathy ground flora of bracken Pteridium aquilinum and ling Callun…

Fakenham Wood and Sapiston Great Grove

…ed birch and hazel Corylus avellana, with scattered elder Sambucus nigra, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. On the most acidic soils to the north, the wood assumes more of a heathland character with sparsely scattered trees and shrubs. A far stronger coppice …

Burnt Wood

…ng soil on which downy birch Betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are the main associates with the oak. The ground flora is typically species poor with wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and bracken Pteridium aquilinum…

Lough Gullion

…us glutinosa with ash Fraxinus excelsior, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium occurring in the drier areas. The field layer is comprised of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. and scattered ferns. The ground flora is highly variable, but generally indicative of transi…

Eridge Green

… the rocks is unmodified with mature beech Fagus sylvatica occurring with holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata above a sparse ground flora of bramble Rubus fruticosus. Elsewhere rhododendron and planted sweet chestnut Castanea sativa and larch Larix decidua are fairly wide…

Rake Hanger

…lised. The shrub layer consists almost entirely of scattered specimens of holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora is typically species poor, dominated to the south west by bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus with wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, bracken Pteridium aquilinum and comm…

Brooks Head Grove

…casional sessile oak Quercus petraea. The understorey is mainly hazel and holly Ilex aquifolium with frequent yew Taxus baccata. A third type of woodland occurs on damper soils along the stream in the valley floor consisting primarily of alder Alnus glutinosa. The ground flora o…

Purewell Meadows

…tinosa, birch Betula pendula, sallow Salix cinerea, oak Quercus robur and holly Ilex aquifolium and the interest of the site is enhanced by scrub which is mainly gorse Ulex europaeus and an unusual subspecies of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. The local climbing corydalis Corydalis…

Peatlands Park

…ula pubescens and occasional oak Quercus spp. The understorey consists of holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia, with occasional hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and hazel Corylus avellana. In the less mature woodland, the field layer is dominated by dense bramble Rubus fru…

Odstock Down

… range of other shrubs is present including buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, holly Ilex aquifolium, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana. Amongst the commoner butterflies recorded are small heath Coenonympha pamphilus and common blue Polymmatus icarus. Also …

Plaster's Green Meadows

…row trees include ash Fraxinus excelsior, sweet chestnut Castanea sativa, holly Ilex aquifolium and oak Quercus sp.

Ridley Gill

… The first is dominated by oak Quercus robur with a sparse understorey of holly Ilex aquifolium and coppiced hazel Corylus avellana over a ground flora dominated by creeping soft grass Holcus mollis with bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea, w…

Riddles Wood

…and aspen Populus tremula occur as invasive species of the young coppice. Holly Ilex aquifolium and wild service Sorbus torminalis occur locally, mainly along the boundary of the wood. The ground flora is dominated by bramble Rubus sp., bracken Pteridium aquilinum, or in places b…

Coed Trefraith

…ash. hazel Corylus avellana is dominant in the shrub layer, together with holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, and extensive carpets of bramble Rubus fruticosus. The ground flora is varied and typically includes…

Twinhills Woods and Meadows

…onymus europaeus, wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, elder Sambucus nigra and holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer in Twinhills Wood is dominated by bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and dog's mercury, but with a typical woodland flora including ramsons Allium ursinum, yellow arc…

Far Arnside

…f the rare whitebeam Sorbus lancastriensis, as well as yew Taxus baccata, holly Ilex aquifolium and juniper Juniperus communis occur on the cliffs at the eastern end of the site.

Hendre, Llangedwyn

…rn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, ash Fraxinus excelsior, holly Ilex aquifolium, field maple Acer campestre, alder Alnus glutinosa, crab apple Malus sylvestris and oak Quercus sp. The mixed woodland is co-dominated by oak and larch Larix sp., with some ash, sycamo…

Hatfield Forest

…ana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, with some blackthorn Prunus spinosa. Holly Ilex aquifolium is conspicuous by its unexplained absence. The Forest is particularly noted for its ancient "thorn", often covered with mistletoe Viscum album, which is also found growing on black pop…

Hayburn Wyke

… platyphyllos. The understorey of shrubs includes hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea and there is a rich ground flora with sanicle Sanicula europaea, opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, wood millet Milium effusum…

Strother Hills

…g sandstones on the steeper slopes along the northern side of the valley. Holly Ilex aquifolium is particularly abundant in the shrub layer which also includes many oak saplings and hazel. The ground flora is dominated by creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, bracken Pteridium aquil…

Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment

…s on the steep slope of Box Hill above the River Mole. Here it grows with holly Ilex aquifolium, yew and elder Sambucus nigra. The ground flora includes dog's mercury, biting stonecrop Sedum acre, autumn gentian Gentianella amarella and the rare cut leaved germander Teucrium botr…

Speech House Oaks

…uncommon lichens and bryophytes. The very ancient oaks Quercus spp. and hollies Ilex aquifolium along the Speech House Road occur over poorly drained acid loams. The ground flora is dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum, bramble Rubus fruticosus and common bent Agrostis capill…

Thornley Wood

…-mas and broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata, while on more acid soils holly Ilex aquifolium becomes the most abundant shrub species over a flora dominated by wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus with some heather Calluna vulgaris, common cow w…

Frome St. Quintin

… willow Salix cinerea with crack willow S. fragilis on the wettest soils. Holly Ilex aquifolium, elder Sambucus nigra and groups of young ash are occasional in Burl Moor and Dry Hill Moor and redcurrant Ribes rubrum is an abundant shrub throughout all the woods. opposite leaved g…

High Woods

…sylvatica, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, Scot's pine Pinus sylvestris and holly Ilex aquifolium. The shrub layer consists of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, elder Sambucus nigra and very occasionally alder buckthorn Frangula alnus. The field layer is dominated by bramble, bracken Pt…

The Quantocks

…tes the canopy. Understorey species include downy birch Betula pubescens, holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, The ground flora tends to be dominated by wavy hair grass, bilberry and common cow wheat but hairy wood rush Luzula pilosa, ho…

Lord's Wood

…rub layer is characterised by the abundance of hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium and there is vigorous development of woody climbers and ramblers, particularly bramble Rubus fruticosus, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and ivy Hedera helix. In the boundary hedges …

Coed Mawr - Blaen-Car

…g a rich lichen flora. The understorey here consists of hazel coppice and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora is fairly grassy, but herbs such as bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, wood-sorrel Oxalis acetosella and greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea are abundant throughou…

Lorton

…Crataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, holly Ilex aquifolium, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and privet Ligustrum vulgare. There is also a rich ground flora which includes frequent stinking iris Iris foetidissima, and, in the wetter areas pendulous se…

Dendles Wood

…azing has led to an impoverished shrub layer with hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia are scattered throughout. The ground flora is characterised by creeping soft-grass Holcus mollis, sweet vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, bramble Rubus spp…

Freston and Cutler's Woods With Holbrook Park

…ld woodland boundaries. Other underwood species in the dry areas include holly, Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, wild crab apple Malus sylvestris, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and the rare wild service tree Sorbus torminalis. sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus is a more recent i…

Doddington Clay Woods

…n Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laevigata, spindle Euonymus europaeus, holly Ilex aquifolium, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and wild privet Ligustrum vulgare. Both woodlands have a rich and varied ground flora, reflecting variations in soil moisture and base status. The more ac…

Hamps and Manifold Valleys

…gus monogyna is extensively co-dominant, particularly in more open areas. Holly Ilex aquifolium is locally frequent together with a wide variety of other calcicolous shrubs including dogwood Cornus sanguinea, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, spindle Euonymus europaeus and occasional…

Florence Court

…developed understorey of mature hazel Corylus avellana and abundant young holly Ilex aquifolium. Other less abundant shrub species include blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and bird cherry Prunus padus. A field layer of bramble Rubus f…

River Faughan and Tributaries

…sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Shrubs include hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground cover is very variable. Grasses are dominant where grazing is heavy. Where the wood is less disturbed, species include wood sorrel Oxalis acetos…

Northpark Copse to Snapelands Copse

…etraea, pedunculate oak Quercus robur and beech Fagus sylvatica with some holly Ilex aquifolium. This habitat is rare in great Britain, particularly in the south east. In places oak is absent and yew Taxus baccata becomes frequent with the beech. Birch Betula spp, hazel Corylus a…

Penn's Rocks

…ith varying amounts of silver birch Betula pendula, yew Taxus baccata and holly Ilex aquifolium over a ground flora of bramble Rubus fruticosus and bracken Pteridium aquilinum. In the north Scot's pine Pinus sylvestris and silver birch dominate in a heathy woodland over a ground …

Rehaghy Wood

…ense shrub layer throughout and is accompanied by rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and most notably bird cherry Prunus padus. Where present, the field layer consists of a scattering of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg., hard fern Blechnum spi…

Ballymacallion

… and willows Salix spp. Other shrubs include hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparie. The ground cover is variable with grasses and moss covered boulders dominating the lower slopes with species such as bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, woo…

West Dean Woods

… birch Betula pendula and field maple Acer campestre are more restricted. Holly Ilex aquifolium, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and goat willow Salix caprea form an intermittent shrub layer. The ground flora varies with the current state of management but is often rich, dog's mercury M…

Upper Greensand Hangers : Empshott to Hawkley

…pes there are frequently lines of mature beech Fagus sylvatica, with much holly Ilex aquifolium but little ground vegetation. Plants characteristic of ancient woodland are found widely; these include early purple orchid Orchis mascula, herb paris Paris quadrifolia, butcher's bro…

Hoar Park Wood

…y species include silver birch Betula pendula, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium, with occasional crab apple Malus sylvestris. The ground flora is dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. and bracken Pteridiun aquilinum with bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, ho…

Hockering Wood

…ula pubescens and scattered hazel Corylus avellana. elder Sambucus nigra, holly Ilex aquifolium and gean Prunus avium are occasional. On less freely drained soils, ash Fraxinus excelsior occurs with the lime Tilia cordata, as coppice or fully grown trees and maple Acer campestre …

Barle Valley

…as bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Holly Ilex aquifolium forms a sparse shrub layer in many stands of this type. The range of vascular plants is restricted but rich bryophyte communities thrive under these conditions. On the deeper soils of …

The Wrekin & The Ercall

…rekin Quartzite. Other tree species present in this woodland type include holly Ilex aquifolium, downy birch Betula pubescens and rowan Sorbus aucuparia and the ground flora is dominated by species characteristic of acidic soils, such as wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa, heat…

Windmill Naps Wood

… Betula pendula and downy birch Betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium with occasional crab apple Malus sylvestris and alder buckthorn Frangula alnus. In Ladbrookpark Coppice there is a small group of wild service tree Sorbus torminalis which is rare in …

Underlaid Wood

…quent sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium, wych elm Ulmus glabra, silver birch Betula pendula and sessile oak Quercus petraea. Where the clints are large and grikes few the character of the pavement remains open, but to the so…

Epsom and Ashtead Commons

…and the southern part of Newton Wood, consists of pedunculate oak, birch, holly Ilex aquifolium and coppiced hazel Corylus avellana. Of particular importance are several fine old pollards of pedunculate oak which are characteristic of former wood pasture and of special importance…

Northaw Great Wood

…ly sparse shrub layer is comprised mainly of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana. blackthorn Prunus spinosa locally forms dense thickets which along with re growth from hornbeam coppice, is attractive to nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos.…

Coed y Gofer

… shrub layer is sparse but is thick in parts with hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Gorse Ulex europaeus and bracken Pteridium aquilinum are abundant around the northern edges of the woodland. The ground flora consists of common bent Agrost…

Whiddon Deer Park

…and, are many younger frees, mainly oak, but including birch Betula spp., holly Ilex aquifolium, willow Salix spp. and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The ground flora is largely dominated by fescue Festuca spp. and bent Agrostis spp. grassland together with bracken Pteridium aquili…

Coedydd Dyffryn Ffestiniog (Gogleddol)

…nd the very acid soils, however, where shrubs do occur they are typically holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana or saplings of the above-mentioned tree species. Rhododendron ponticum, a non-native and highly invasive species, forms a dense shrub layer in places, although …

Birklands West and Ollerton Corner

…uercus robur, sessile oak Q. petraea and silver birch Betula pendula with holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia locally abundant. A typically species poor ground flora of bramble Rubus fruticosus, bracken Pteridium aquilinum and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum occurs…

Belmore Mountain

…azel Corylus avellana and varying amounts of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rarely rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The unstable steep slopes below the cliffs tend to be relatively dry with a well-developed field layer dominated by ferns such as lady-fern Athyrium …

Sheepleas

…ash Fraxinus excelsior and hazel Corylus avellana together with scattered holly Ilex aquifolium, yew Taxus baccata, field maple Acer campestre and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Parts have been modified by small plantations of larch, Larix decidua, pine Pinus spp., Norway spruce P…

Bishop's Wood

…orylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, field maple Acer campestre, holly Ilex aquifolium with regeneration of ash and some sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Also present but at a lower cover are spindle Euonymus europaeus, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, elder Sambucus nigra, young…

Thorndon Park

… Quercus robur and sessile oak Q. petraea. The shrub layer is sparse with holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground flora consists mainly of abundant bramble Robus spp. and bracken Pteridium aquilinum, with locally abundant purple moor grass Molinia caerulea, w…

Rhidorroch Woods

…ive tree species including rowan Sorbus aucuparia, wych-elm Ulmus glabra, holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana, aspen Populus tremula and alder Alnus glutinosa. The ground flora includes several uncommon species indicative of long-established ancient woodland: serrated w…

Quarry Hangers

…posed of beech, ash and field maple Acer campestre and the shrub layer of holly Ilex aquifolium, yew Taxus baccata and hazel Corylus avellana. The ground flora is dominated by dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, ivy Hedera helix and locally by ramsons Allium ursinum. Other notabl…

Backstone Bank and Baal Hill Woods

…ch Betula sp. and the understorey is invariably sparse, comprising hazel, holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. They have a relatively poor ground flora with creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, great wood rush Luzula sylvatica, false brome …

Derwent Gorge & Horsleyhope Ravine

…ifolium are frequent in the dampest areas. Ashwood, with birch, hazel and holly Ilex aquifolium, grows extensively on heavy, neutral soils in the south of Horsleyhope Ravine, and gives way to stands of alder, developed from old coppice, on waterlogged soils. Here the ground flora…

River Coquet and Coquet Valley Woodlands

…thorn Crataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and downy birch Betula pubescens are the main shrub species found in the ash woods with dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis often dominating the ground flora and associated with wood av…

Monk Wood

…ring measurements have indicated some trees to be at least 300 years old. Holly Ilex aquifolium, birch Betula spp. and rowan Sorbus aucuparia are scattered throughout the woodland. The presence of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, ling Calluna vulgaris and wood rush Luzula sylvatica …

Wakehurst & Chiddingly Woods

…rade into more varied oak wood with birch Betula spp., yew Taxus baccata, holly Ilex aquifolium and some beech Fagus sylvatica. Ash Fraxinus excelsior is frequent in some areas and alder Alnus glutinosa occupies the springlines in the valley bottoms. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum, …

West Exmoor Coast and Woods

…ws with the oak on the poorer soils above, whilst rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana become more abundant on the richer soils lower down the valley sides. In Woody Bay the rare Devon whitebeam Sorbus devoniensis and Sorbus subcuneata, ash Fra…

Old Wood of Drum

…cluding rowan Sorbus aucuparia, wych elm Ulmus glabra, gean Prunus avium, holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana. The field layer is generally dominated by creeping soft-grass Holcus mollis and bracken Pteridium aquilinum, with wood anemone Anemone nemorosa and wood sor…

Hertford Heath

… hornbeam Quercus robur / Carpinus betulus type, the understorey being of holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna with the coppiced hornbeam. Characteristically, on the acid London clays, dense shadelimits the ground flora to early flowering …

Hen-allt Common

…irch Betula pendula, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, ash Fraxinus excelsior, holly Ilex aquifolium, oak Quercus spp., goat willow Salix caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and bramble Rubus fruticosus are all locally prominent. Remarks: The common is vested in the care of Powys Count…

Erme Estuary

… understorey characterised by the abundance of hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bramble Rubus fruticosus, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and great woodrush Luzula sylvatica dominate the ground flora which is very diverse and conta…

Farndale

…and ash Fraxinus excelsior with an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and bird cherry Prunus padus over a ground flora including ramsons Allium ursinum, dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, wood anemone Anemone nemorosa and primrose Primula vulgaris. Acid…

Mills Rocks

…, is very variable. Pedunculate oak Quercus robur, beech Fagus sylvatica, holly Ilex aquifolium, birch Betula pendula and hazel Corylus avellana are all present above bracken and bramble.

Brookland Wood

…y sparse over most of the wood but includes guelder rose Viburnum opulus, holly Ilex aquifolium and elder Sambucus nigra. Bramble Rubus fruticosus generally dominates the ground flora, but in the extensive flushes pendulous sedge Carex pendula is the most abundant species. A numb…

Talhenbont

…o present. hazel Corylus avellana is frequent as an understorey shrub and holly Ilex aquifolium is locally abundant. The structure of the field layer and ground flora is mixed and variable; various species are locally dominant, e.g. bramble Rubus fruticosus, bluebell Hyacinthoide…

Hampstead Heath Woods

…downy birch Betula pubescens is frequent. The shrub layer is dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium with rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hazel Corylus avellana and the locally abundant introduced shrubs rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum and cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus. This frequently…

Burderop Wood

…s also occur. Silver birch Betula pendula, field maple Acer campestre and holly Ilex aquifolium are of more restricted distribution. The greensand scarp supports wych elm Ulmus glabra, now beginning to regenerate following attacks of Dutch elm disease. On the lower slopes some di…

Birchend

…ominated by mature beech Fagus sylvatica, with ash and yew Taxus baccata. Holly Ilex aquifolium, field maple and hazel are present as minor components of the shrub layer. The ground vegetation throughout the woodland is extremely rich and calcicole in character. In the coppice wi…

Hill Hole Dingle

…t Ligustrumvulgare, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, spindle Euonymus europaeus holly Ilex aquifolium, yew Taxus baccata and several other lime loving species. The ground flora contains many locally uncommon species including broad leaved helleborine Epipactis helleborine, early purple…

Halesend Wood

…hybrids between the two. The shrub layer includes hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea as well as several characteristic calcicole species such as dogwood Cornus sanguinea, spindle Euonymus europaeus and wild privet Ligustrum vulgare. Amongst…

Thursley, Hankley & Frensham Commons

…e of Thursley Common where beech Fagus sylvatica, ash Fraxinus excelsior, holly Ilex aquifolium, coppiced hazel Corylus avellana, pedunculate oak and both birches occur above a field layer which includes wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and yellow …

Burton Park

…nd whitebeam Sorbus aria are locally common. Here hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and the rather rare alder buckthorn Frangula alnus form the shrub layer over a dense ground flora which consists of wood sage Teucrium scorodonia, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, bl…

Gaer House Woods

…lm Ulmus glabra. Understorey species include hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, goat-willow Salix caprea and hazel Corylus avellana which is co-dominant with alder in some areas. The ground flora is characteristic of this plateau type alder woodland with meadow-s…

Llwyn

…llana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, wych elm Ulmus glabra, the occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and elder Sambucus nigra and patches of ash saplings. The uncommon shrubs alder buckthorn Frangula alnus and buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica are thinly scattered throughout. The diversity…

Nant-y-Belan and Prynela Woods

…understorey with hazel Corylus avellana the dominant scrub, together with holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, privet Ligustrum vulgare, bird cherry Prunus padus and the uncommon wild service tree Sorbus torminalis. The herb layer is equall…

Lymington River

…ataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, bramble Rubus fruticosus and holly Ilex aquifolium, are the main species forming the often densely shading vegetation growing along the lower course of the Lymington. The river banks here support a diverse sub Atlantic bryophyte commun…

Midford Valley Woods

…resent including hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, field maple Acer campestre, holly Ilex aquifolium, privet Ligustrum vulgare, spindle Euonymus europaeus and dogwood Cornus sanguinea. The straggling wild clematis Clematis vitalba grow vigorously and is locally frequent. Most of the w…

Afon Eden - Cors Goch Trawsfynydd

…as hard-fern Blechnum spicant and broad buckler-fern Dryopteris dilatata. Holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana form the understorey and the field layer includes wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and heather Calluna vulgaris. Characteri…

Ashburnham Park

…outlier. It varies from a closed high forest to a very open woodland with holly Ilex aquifolium and birch Betula species and a shrub layer of bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bramble Rubus fruticosus. Mature Scot's pines Pinus sylvestris occur throughout. The ground flora is limit…

Hobby to Peppercombe

… from the sea. Here ash Fraxinus excelsior, downy birch Betula pubescens, holly Ilex aquifolium, sallow Salix cinerea and rowan Sorbus aucuparia locally mix with the oak. There are some planted beech Fagus sylvatica, and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and rhododendron Rhododendron …

Downton Gorge

…ecies also occur including yew Taxus baccata, field maple Acer campestre, holly Ilex aquifolium, hornbeam Carpinus betulus and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Wild service tree Sorbus torminalis, a local species in Britain, is present in the steeper parts of the gorge. The shrub layer i…

Cogley Wood

…th field maple Acer campestre also abundant. hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, elder Sambucus nigra and crab apple Malus sylvestris are scattered throughout, while spindle Euonymus europaeus, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana are confi…

Bigsweir Woods

…a, small leaved lime and beech with occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer is made up of associations of bramble Rubus fruticosus, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, male fern Dryopteris filix-mas and ivy Hedera helix with occasional bluebell Hyaci…

Throope Down

…to secondary woodland of birch Betula pendula, ash Fraxinus excelsior and holly Ilex aquifolium. The mixture of herb rich downland and scrub patches, particularly near the base of slopes, provides excellent conditions for many butterfly species. The green hairstreak Callophrys r…

Hatton's Hey Wood, Whittle's Corner and Bank Rough

…a, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and hazel Corylus avellana with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium. On the more acidic soils the ground flora is dominated by creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa and bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta. Lower down…

West Nidderdale, Barden and Blubberhouses Moors

…d by silver birch Betula pendula, with occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium, sessile oak Quercus petraea and pedunculate oak Quercus robur. The ground layer is dominated by bracken, heather and bilberry with frequent bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and wood…

Odiham Common with Bagwell Green and Shaw

…he dominant shrub layer species. The oak/hazel woodland contains abundant holly Ilex aquifolium and due to its historic management as wood pasture the ground flora is more typical of acid grassland, being dominated by purple moor grass Molinia caeruleain the wetter areas and brac…

Malvern Common

…layer together with field maple Acer campestre, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The ground flora contains a range of typical woodland species such as wood-sorrel Oxalis acetosella, yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon and ramson…

Hastings Cliffs to Pett Beach

…and hazel Corylus avellana and occasional specimens of yew Taxus baccata, holly Ilex aquifolium and field maple Acer campestre. The ground flora varies from communities dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum on the sands to those dominated by dogs mercury Mercurialis perennis a…

Purbeck Ridge (East)

… clay-with-flints with more free draining soils and oak is prominent over holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and hazel. Grasses and ferns are characteristic such as broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata, male fern Dryopteris filix-mas and meadow fescue Schedonoru…

Raincliffe & Forge Valley Woods

…and an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, field maple Acer campestre, holly Ilex aquifolium, bird cherry Prunus padus and spurge laurel Daphne laureola. The base rich soils here support a diverse field layer dominated by dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, ramsons Allium ursi…

Cwm Clydach, Cydweli

…er wood rush Luzula sylvatica and broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata. Holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana contribute to the shrub layer. In contrast, the lower (southern) length of the gorge is noticeably more base-enriched with much more ash and wych elm Ulmus g…

Duddon Valley Woodlands

…e understorey consists of frequent hazel Corylus avellana with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia, although in some woodlands this layer is somewhat sparse. In ungrazed woods such as Tail Bank, holly can be abundant. Ferns are abundant in the field layer,…

Bardney Limewoods, Lincolnshire

…ld maple Acer campestre. The shrub layer includes hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, alder buckthorn Frangula alnus and midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata. A feature of low lying area with a permanently high water table is the dominance of alder Alnus glutinosa and …

Frithy and Chadacre Wood

…taegus laevigata, hornbeam Carpinus betulus, crab apple Malus sylvestris, holly Ilex aquifolium, spindle Euonymus europaeus and dogwood Cornus sanguinea. The woods contain wych elm Ulmus glabra and several patches of Lineage and invasive elm Ulmus spp, but nearly all the elm has …

Ben Klibreck

…Other tree species include rowan Sorbus aucuparia, aspen Populus tremula, holly Ilex aquifolium and bird cherry Prunus padus. The relict alder woodland is confined to the course of the Allt Coire na Fearna. The field layer under the trees includes heath, grassland and species-ric…

Dodgson Wood

…r slopes, through hazel sessile oak with occasional yew Taxus baccata and holly Ilex aquifolium on the mid slopes, to higher level birch oak where hazel is absent and the trees have a stunted character. The ground flora varies in a similar way. Dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis,…

Darenth Wood

…b flora including downy birch Betula pubescens, wild cherry Prunus avium, holly Ilex aquifolium and elder Sambucus nigra. Bramble and ivy Hedera helix are found most frequently in the field layer although species such as bittersweet Solanum dulcamara and cow wheat Melampyrum prat…

Newtondale

…e dale, whilst woods of wych elm Ulmus glabra, ash Fraxinus excelsior and holly Ilex aquifolium occur towards the southern end. Areas of alder Alnus glutinosa woodland are an integral part of the wetland communities adjacent to the Pickering Beck and locally contain globe flower …

Glaslyn

…y ridges. The shrub layer is often well-developed and is characterised by holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground layer is largely composed of a mix of bramble Rubus fruticosus, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, honeysuckle Lonicera pe…

Allt Pontfaen - Coed Gelli-fawr

… Corylus avellana and, in the more acid areas, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bracken Pteridium aquilinum occurs in the more open, gladed areas, together with climbing corydalis Corydalis claviculata. On the steeper slopes, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and grea…

Whittlewood Forest

…Acer campestre, has abundant honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and sparse holly Ilex aquifolium. Variation is soil chemistry, drainage and light gives rise to a rich ground flora predominately composed of true woodland shade tolerant plants. Bramble Rubus fruticosus, dog’s mercur…

Owenkillew and Glenelly Woods

…riable through the wood both in cover and composition, and is composed of holly Ilex aquifolium and regenerating canopy species. The most widespread ground cover is formed by greater wood rush Luzula sylvatica and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, with species such as bluebell Hyacin…

Upper Ballinderry River

…in the wettest parts. The shrub layer consists of hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, with willow Salix spp. in wetter conditions. The ground flora includes ferns, thickets of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. and gre…

King's Wood and Urchin Wood

…dant in the shrub layer, which also includes hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, spindle Euonymus europaeus, wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, spurge laurel Daphne laureola and buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica. T…

Knockadoo Wood

…and downy birch Betula pubescens wood supports a shrub layer dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium with occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia. hazel Corylus avellana is also locally frequent with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and wild cherry Prunus avium more restricted in occurrence. Wh…

Feckenham Forest

…nderstorey species is again hazel but also includes other species such as holly Ilex aquifolium, midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata and wild privet Ligustrum vulgare. The ground flora is also richer, being dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus together with typical woodland spe…

Crich Chase

…atata. There is typically little under storey here, although occasionally holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna or younger trees occur. The topography of the steep upper slopes is rugged and in places punctured by rocky grit stone outcrops and large boulders where th…

Grenofen Wood and West Down

… birch Betula pendula, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium over a ground flora characterised by an abundance of bracken, bramble Rubus fruticosus, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and mosses. On the flatter slopes beside the river, alder Alnus glu…

Banstead Downs

…mature woodland dominated by pedunculate oak Quercus robur with hawthorn, holly Ilex aquifolium and birch, line the western edge of the site. The variety of habitats at Banstead Downs provide feeding and breeding grounds for a range of different invertebrates and birds and eleve…

Coed Nant Menascin

…aea with occasional downy birch Betula pubescens, hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground flora is dominated by mixtures of common bent Agrostis capillaris, sweet vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa…

Draynes Wood

…een coppiced. There is a sparse shrub layer of hazel Corylus avellana and holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer is generally acidophilous with greater woodrush Luzula sylvatica, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and hard fern Blechnum spicant, but on the better soils there is bracken…

Maplehurst Wood

…he shrub layer is often diverse and includes hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, alder buckthorn Frangula alnus, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, spindle Euonymus europaeus and wild privet Ligustrum vulgare. The ground flora varies with …

Hurston Warren

…The second woodland type is represented by a more mature woodland of oak, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The third stand type has colonised former areas of fen and wet heath; it is composed of oak, downy birch Betula pubescens, alder Alnus glutinosa and sa…

Bear, Oveys & Great Bottom Woods

… flora of the shrub and ground layers varies with soil type and gradient. Holly Ilex aquifolium, elder Sambucus nigra and rowan Sorbus aucuparia occur over much of the site, while spurge laurel Daphne laureola, an uncommon species associated with ancient woodland, also occurs in …

Cadair Idris

…dland with abundant downy birch Betula pubescens, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium, frequent patches of hazel Corylus avellana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna make up the majority of the woodland within the site. The commoner bryophytes including Isothecium myosuroid…

Yarncliff Wood, Padley

…der Alnus glutinosa along the stream side. Scattered through the wood are holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The trees have very poor growth and are mainly rooted into thin acid soils in pockets in block scree. The average height of the trees is less than 10 metres…

Rough Hill & Wirehill Woods

…mented with ash Fraxinus excelsior, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and occasional holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Here the ground flora is dominated by bramble and bluebell. On these slopes a fourth variant of sessile oak woodland is distinguished by abundan…

Castlebeck and Scar Woods

…a, ash Fraxinus excelsior and elm Ulmus glabra. The understorey comprises holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and hazel Corylus avellana, with locally, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. Alder Alnus glutinosa…

Puckham Woods

…mus glabra, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora is very rich with over twenty species indicative of ancient semi natural woodland. In spring, the woodland floor is carpeted with bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, …

Cropton Banks and Howlgate Head Woods

… are scarce in Howlgate Head Wood. hazel, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium are common throughout the shrub layer, with occasional guelder rose Viburnum opulus, field maple Acer campestre and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. The woods are strongly influenced by t…

Burgh Hill Farm Meadow

…pedunculate oak Quercus robur scattered throughout. Other species include holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, hornbeam Carpinus betulus, aspen Populus tremula, goat willow Salix caprea and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. The ditch and two small …

Freeholders Wood

… Fraxinus excelsior, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, bird cherry Prunus padus and holly Ilex aquifolium. Wych elm Ulmus glabra is frequent, but many trees are affected by Dutch elm disease and dead and diseased trees are being removed. There is a diverse ground flora throughout with an a…

East Coppice

…ed through the wood and ash Fraxinus excelsior, aspen Populus tremula and holly Ilex aquifolium are found on the ancient enclosing banks. The dominant flora of the woodland floor varies according to the age of the coppice above it. Under older stands, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-…

Phoenix United Mine

…osed of pedunculate oak Quercus robur, pendulous birch Betula pendula and holly Ilex aquifolium. The oak supports rich moss and lichen communities including Usnea articulata. Open water habitats include small pools and derelict mine leats in addition to the fast-flowing stream ri…

The Cliffs of Magho

…elsior and goat willow Salix caprea, with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium in the understorey. The field layer is dominated in places by bramble Rubus fruticosus and soft shield fern Polystichum setiferum. The upper slopes are drier and are generally covered …

Boconnoc Park & Woods

… sweet chestnut Castanea sativa. The understorey supports species such as holly Ilex aquifolium, hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, elder Sambucus nigra, and rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum. Bramble Rubus fruticosus dominates much of the ground flora although…

Plymbridge Lane & Estover Road

…ody species such as ash Fraxinus excelsior, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and holly Ilex aquifolium in a length of Devon hedge.

Edgefield Little Wood

…The shrub layer is mostly absent with a little rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora is dominated by bracken with one small area of bluebells Hyacinthoides non-scripta. Other species which occur are heather Calluna vulgaris, wood anemone Anemone nemor…

Iken Wood

… robur standards are dominant with scattered silver birch Betula pendula, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The oak was last coppiced over a century ago and now forms part of the canopy with some stools of 9 feet diameter. Beneath the widely spaced oaks are discre…

Hoplands Wood

…s rich shrub layer of dogwood Cornus sanguinea, goat willow Salix caprea, holly Ilex aquifolium, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. Dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis is locally abundant. Elsewhere brambles Rubus spp. are found with bluebells Hyacinthoide…

Bach Howey Gorge

…thorn Crataegus monogyna and a range of other trees and shrubs, including holly Ilex aquifolium, crab apple Malus sylvestris, bird cherry Prunus padus and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. Where the soil is damp and compacted, tufted hair-grass Deschampsia cespitosa and bluebell Hyacint…

St. Leonard's Forest

…irch Betula pubescens and beech Fagus sylvatica. The shrub layer includes holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. Also included in the site are areas of conifer plantation, lar…

Coed Allt Craig Arth

…iced in places, with an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, and a typical herb flora normally associated with acidic western oakwoods. The south side of the river is narrower and has generally more mixed woodlan…

Briarwood Banks

…oodland management. hazel Corylus avellana is the most abundant shrub but holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna are also present. The ground flora, like the canopy species, reflects variations in soil conditions. Base rich soils of the lower slopes support a varie…

Cabilla Manor Wood

…an understorey of hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium with occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. The ground flora consists largely of bramble Rubus fruticosus, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and bluebell H…

Andrew's Wood

…nt silver birch Betula pendula together with some ash Fraxinus excelsior, holly Ilex aquifolium and locally beech Fagus sylvatica. The shrub layer is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana and there is vigorous development of honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and ivy Hedera helix. T…

Cowden Pound Pastures

…narrow woodland borders the stream, which includes alder Alnus glutinosa, holly Ilex aquifolium and grey willow Salix cinerea. The ground flora includes opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, yellow pimpernel Lysimachia nemorum and polypody Polypodium vul…

Nagshead

…grazed by sheep. In the ungrazed section a dense shrub layer dominated by holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia has developed while the grazed sectionis much more open in character. The herb layer largely consists of bramble Rubus fruticosus, bracken Pteridium aquilinu…

Hall Wood

…layer includes guelder rose Viburnum opulus, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and holly Ilex aquifolium. There is a rich ground flora dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus with a number of locally uncommon species such as wild daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus, common twayblade Neottia …

Oakers Wood

…he north where it is mixed with Birch Betula and has a low understorey of holly Ilex aquifolium. The banks support fine old specimens of oak and holly and mosses typical of acid woodland are abundant including Leucobryum glaucum, Mnium hornum, Polytrichum formosum, Dicranum scopa…

Peckforton Woods

…inant over a sparce shrub layer which includes rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground layer is locally dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum but species such as bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, heather Calluna vulgaris, common cow wheat Melampyrum pratense …

Crumpton Hill Wood

…hazel Corylus avellana is also abundant, together with smaller amounts of holly Ilex aquifolium, wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, aspen Populus tremula, field maple Acer campestre, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and dogwood Cornus sanguinea. The ground flora is typical of base rich w…

Shorne and Ashenbank Woods

… oak Quercus spp., sweet chestnut and hornbeam Carpinus betulus. Although holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata are frequent in the understorey, dense aggregations of rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum sometimes suppress the development of a shrub and field layer. Elsewhere…

King's Play Hill

…rn Prunus spinosa, elder Sambucus nigra, wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana, holly Ilex aquifolium and the uncommon juniper Juniperus communis. A diverse community of insects is associated with the chalk grassland, including the wood tiger moth Parasemia plantaginis and the chalkhi…

Robin Hood's Bay: Maw Wyke to Beast Cliff

…more acidic situations oak Quercus aff. robur, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium are frequent. great wood rush Luzula sylvatica is abundant on the steep flushed slopes, whilst dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis and opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium op…

Staverton Park and The Thicks, Wantisden

… wood pasture, predominantly of over mature pollard oak Quercus robur but holly Ilex aquifolium, birch Betula pubescens and Betula pendula and rowan Sorbus aucuparia also occur. Some of these trees achieve great age. Below the canopy, there are dense stands of bracken Pteridium a…

Upper Wharfedale

…oods are especially species rich wood pastures with ash, hazel, birch and holly Ilex aquifolium over a ground flora including wood crane's bill Geranium sylvaticum and marjoram Origanum vulgare. The lightly or ungrazed edges of some wooded areas are unmown banks of meadows within…

Taylor's Rough & Wellmeadow Wood

…ream. There are several large field maple Acer campestre present and some holly Ilex aquifolium in the shrub layer together with hazel and hawthorn. The ground flora is rich and varied including species such as sanicle Sanicula europaea, lords and ladies Arum maculatum, wall lett…

Coed Tremadog

…s avellana although other species, notably mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and crab-apple Malus sylvestris are present. Throughout most of the woodland there is a well developed canopy and understorey. In ungrazed sections of the …

Drostre Bank

… rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and locally abundant holly Ilex aquifolium. The field layer is a patchy mix of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg., bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and creeping soft grass Holcus mollis with frequent broad buckler fern Dryopteris …

Glenarm Woods

…se, low canopy where mature trees are absent. Other shrub species include holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and in wetter conditions, bird cherry Prunus padus and willow Salix spp. Where it is present, the field layer consists of a mixture of ferns, thickets of b…

Benarth Wood

… range of shrubs comprise the understorey including elder Sambucus nigra, Holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana. The nationally uncommon Wild Service Tree Sorbus torminalis occurs. Bramble is often prevalent and great Wood Rush Luzula sylvatica carpets large areas of t…

Romsley Manor Farm

…thorn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa with locally abundant holly Ilex aquifolium form areas of scrub along several hedgerows. Alder Alnus glutinosa is frequent as a hedgerow tree on the damper lower slopes and occurs as scrub on the edge of one field. Hoverflies S…

Ranmore Common

…s robur and Q. petraea with a shrub layer of silver birch Betula pendula, holly Ilex aquifolium and some yew Taxus baccata. Open areas within the woodland are dominated by bracken Pteridium aquilinum, wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa and occasionally heather Calluna vulgaris.…

The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch

…ndula. The shrub layer is sparse, with occasional hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and Blackcurrant Ribes nigrum. The oak hornbeam woodland is dominated by tall hornbeam Carpinus betulus coppice, with occasional coppice stools of peduncu…

Stanton Pastures & Cuckoocliff Valley

…na, to oak birch Quercus robur Betula pendula woodland on sandstone, with holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The diverse shrub and ground layers include a number of uncommon species for example wood vetch Vicia sylvatica, toothwort Lathraea squamaria, soft shield f…

The Stiperstones & The Hollies

…which is considered to be unique for both its size and for the age of the holly Ilex aquifolium trees. These trees, which have unusually large girths, are at least 250 years old. However, many of the largest trees are likely to be over 300 years and some possibly as old as 400 ye…

Ebernoe Common

…ruticosus woodland and W15 Fagus sylvatica Deschampsia flexuosa woodland. Holly Ilex aquifolium forms a dense understorey with scattered yew Taxus baccata. Beneath the closed beech canopy the ground flora is virtually absent, but where canopy gaps occur the flora reflects local v…

Tilehill Wood

…xinus excelsior. The diverse understorey includes hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, aspen Populus tremula, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and crab apple Malus sylvestris. Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. and bracken Pteridium aquilinum are locally d…

Marsland to Clovelly Coast

…platanus are locally abundant with an understorey hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Alder Alnus glutinosa and willows Salix spp. occur along the streamsides and wet valley bottoms. The rare Devon whitebeam Sorbus devoniensis is present…

Edwardstone Woods

…re and wild cherry coppice present along the more base rich wood margins. Holly Ilex aquifolium is common. Shrub species present along the hedgerows in High Wood include both common and midland hawthorns Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laevigata, honeysuckle Lonicera periclymen…

Oxenber and Wharfe Woods

…rthern extremity of Wharfe Wood, birch Betula pubescens, hazel, rowan and holly Ilex aquifolium form the canopy, beneath which is a ground flora of tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa, mat grass Nardus stricta, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and herbs such as wood anemone Anemo…

Sullington Warren

…Other species which occur less frequently include ash Fraxinus excelsior, holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and the shrub alder buckthorn Frangula alnus. The woodland ground flora is rather impoverished, particularly where pine is the dominant species and consists pri…

Glen Tanar

…es occur locally and include birch Betula species, alder Alnus glutinosa, holly Ilex aquifolium, aspen Populus tremula and oak Quercus species. An unusual range of age classes of Caledonian pine is present and young trees have actively colonised the rounded summits of the Strone …

Westernhope Burn Wood

…omponents. hazel Corylus avellana is dominant in the understorey in which holly Ilex aquifolium is widely scattered. Beside the burn and in valley side flushes there is alder Alnus glutinosa woodland. The ground flora contains woodland species characteristic of base enriched soil…

Bliss Gate Pastures

…ees, hawthorn, hazel, elder Sambucus nigra, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and holly Ilex aquifolium. The invertebrate fauna includes small skipper Thymelicus sylvestris, gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus, meadow brown Maniola jurtina and common blue Polyommatus icarus butterflies and the …

Bugden's Copse and Meadows

…ula. The shrub layer is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with frequent holly Ilex aquifolium and occasional guelder rose Viburnum opulus. Bramble Rubus fruticosus and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum are frequent and the variety of herbs includes bluebell Hyacinthoides non-sc…

Bonds Glen

…ense shrub layer throughout and is accompanied by rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Where grazing is absent, the woodland floor is covered by a thick carpet of great wood rush Luzula sylvatica, with bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus present…

Lough Scolban

… dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. is the main component of the field layer, with ferns such as scaly male fern Dryopteris affinis, male fern Dryopteris filix-mas, broad buckler fern Dryop…

Clough Woods

…hese woods have a diverse shrub layer with hazel, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and occasional crab apple Malus sylvestris. The ground flora is characteristically dominated by creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and honeysuckle Lo…

West Pennine Moors

…rch Betula pubescens, silver birch B. pendula and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Holly Ilex aquifolium and hazel Corylus avellana are common in the understorey. On the ground, wavy hair grass is interspersed with ferns, such as hard fern Blechnum spicant or lemon scented fern Oreopteris…

Dunster Park and Heathlands

…e oak over a ground cover of bilberry with a sparse shrub layer including holly Ilex aquifolium. The ground flora of these woods is typical of woodlands of this type with several fern species including hay-scented buckler fern Dryopteris aemula and hard fern Blechnum spicant and …

Hollymount

… sylvatica and occasional ash Fraxinus excelsior. hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and elder Sambucus nigra form a scattered shrub layer. The luxuriant ground flora is dominated by bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, ramsons Allium ursinum and the ferns broad buckler…

Chichester Harbour

…bury Wood has well spaced oaks with the occasional beech Fagus sylvatica, holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata with a fairly dense ground flora of bramble Rubus fruticosus and bracken Pteridium aquilinum. Notable invertebrates include the long winged conehead Conocephalus …

West Fermanagh Scarplands

…elsior is scarce. hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium also occur in the understorey. bramble Rubus fruticosus agg., stone bramble R. saxatilis and a diverse fern community form a characteristic field layer. The species-rich ground flora i…

Ash to Brookwood Heaths

…osed of Scot's pine Pinus sylvestris, silver birch, oak Quercus robur and holly Ilex aquifolium with a ground layer of surviving heath plants such as bell heather and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, or bracken, bramble Rubus fruticosus and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. The ran…

Hill Houses & Crumpsbrook Meadows

…ature mixed species hedgerows, composed of mainly hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and rowan Sorbus aucuparia, which provide additional habitats of importance for birds and invertebrates.

Woolbeding and Pound Commons

…t areas. Most of the woodland is semi natural acid oak and birch, with a holly Ilex aquifolium dominated shrub layer and bracken, bramble and some honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum forming the ground vegetation. Beech Fagus sylvatica and sweet chestnut Castanea sativa occur loca…

Spring Wood,Hawnby

…egus monogyna, bird cherry Prunus padus, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and holly Ilex aquifolium. The varied ground flora includes dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, wood speedwell Veronica montana and early purple orchid Orchis mascula. Where the s…

Silverbrook Wood

… trees, frequently forms a dense, low canopy. Other shrub species include holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and in wetter conditions, willow Salix spp. Where present the field layer consists of a mixture of ferns, thickets of bramble Rubus…

Ballykilbeg

… through scrub with grey willow Salix cinerea, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium, to large ash Fraxinus excelsior, beech Fagus sylvatica, wych elm Ulmus glabra and Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. Ballykilbeg contains a number of scarce plants, including greater tussoc…

Greenan Lough

…eveloped. hazel Corylus avellana is the dominant species. with occasional holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, and a few mature sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, downy birch Betula pubescens and ash Fraxinus excelsior. The field layer is dominated by dense bramble R…

Edenaclogh Wood

…ense shrub layer throughout and is accompanied by rowan Sorbus aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Below, the woodland floor is covered by a scattering of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg, hard fern Blechnum spicant and broad buckler fern Dryopteris dila…

Errigal Glen

…e trees frequently forms a dense, low canopy. Other shrub species include holly Ilex aquifolium, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and the notable bird cherry Prunus padus, with willow Salix spp. in wetter conditions. Where present, the field layer consists of a…

Hanger Wood

…nus sanguinea, privet Ligustrum vulgare, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and holly Ilex aquifolium. blackthorn Prunus spinosa locally forms dense thickets while wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana and spindle Euonymus europaeus are mainly restricted to the wood margins. Dog’s mercury Me…

Map of the sites holding the search term ""Ilex aquifolium""

Sites — ranked by relevance